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Singh, A.; Patel, S.; Bhadani, V.; Kumar, V.; Gaurav, K. |
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Title |
AutoML-GWL: Automated machine learning model for the prediction of groundwater level |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence |
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127 |
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Pages |
107405 |
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Keywords |
AutoML, Bayesian optimisation, Groundwater, Machine learning |
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Abstract |
Predicting groundwater levels is pivotal in curbing overexploitation and ensuring effective water resource governance. However, groundwater level prediction is intricate, driven by dynamic nonlinear factors. To comprehend the dynamic interaction among these drivers, leveraging machine learning models can provide valuable insights. The drastic increase in computational capabilities has catalysed a substantial surge in the utilisation of machine learning-based solutions for effective groundwater management. The performance of these models highly depends on the selection of hyperparameters. The optimisation of hyperparameters is a complex process that often requires application-specific expertise for a skillful prediction. To mitigate the challenge posed by hyperparameter tuning’s problem-specific nature, we present an innovative approach by introducing the automated machine learning (AutoML-GWL) framework. This framework is specifically designed for precise groundwater level mapping. It seamlessly integrates the selection of best machine learning model and adeptly fine-tunes its hyperparameters by using Bayesian optimisation. We used long time series (1997-2018) data of precipitation, temperature, evaporation, soil type, relative humidity, and lag of groundwater level as input features to train the AutoML-GWL model while considering the influence of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) as a contextual factor. Among these input features, the lag of groundwater level emerged as the most relevant input feature. Once the model is trained, it performs well over the unseen data with a strong correlation of coefficient (R = 0.90), low root mean square error (RMSE = 1.22), and minimal bias = 0.23. Further, we compared the performance of the proposed AutoML-GWL with sixteen benchmark algorithms comprising baseline and novel algorithms. The AutoML-GWL outperforms all the benchmark algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm ranked first in Friedman’s statistical test, confirming its reliability. Moreover, we conducted a spatial distribution and uncertainty analysis for the proposed algorithm. The outcomes of this analysis affirmed that the AutoML-GWL can effectively manage data with spatial variations and demonstrates remarkable stability when faced with small uncertainties in the input parameters. This study holds significant promise in revolutionising groundwater management practices by establishing an automated framework for simulating groundwater levels for sustainable water resource management. |
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0952-1976 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ singh_automl-gwl_2024 |
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168 |
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Silva, M.L. da; Bonotto, D.M. |
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Title |
Uranium isotopes in groundwater occurring at Amazonas State, Brazil |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Radiation and Isotopes |
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97 |
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24-33 |
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Amazon area, Dissolved uranium, Groundwater, Tube wells, U/U activity ratio |
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This paper reports the behavior of the dissolved U-isotopes 238U and 234U in groundwater providing from 15 cities in Amazonas State, Brazil. The isotope dilution technique accompanied by alpha spectrometry were utilized for acquiring the U content and 234U/238U activity ratio (AR) data, 0.01–1.4µgL−1 and 1.0–3.5, respectively. These results suggest that the water is circulating in a reducing environment and leaching strata containing minerals with low uranium concentration. A tendency to increasing ARs values following the groundwater flow direction is identified in Manaus city. The AR also increases according to the SW–NE directions: Uarini→Tefé; Manacapuru→Manaus; Presidente Figueiredo→São Sebastião do Uatumã; and Boa Vista do Ramos→Parintins. Such trends are possibly related to several factors, among them the increasing acid character of the waters. The waters analyzed are used for human consumption and the highest dissolved U content is much lower than the maximum established by the World Health Organization. Therefore, in view of this radiological parameter they can be used for drinking purposes. |
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0969-8043 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ silva_uranium_2015 |
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140 |
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Shayakhmetov, N.M.; Alibayeva, K.A.; Kaltayev, A.; Panfilov, I. |
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Title |
Enhancing uranium in-situ leaching efficiency through the well reverse technique: A study of the effects of reversal time on production efficiency and cost |
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2023 |
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Hydrometallurgy |
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219 |
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106086 |
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Economic evaluation, Hydrodynamic enhancement of mineral production, In-situ leaching, Mineral recovery, Optimal reversal time, Well reversing technique |
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In this study, the application of the Well Reversal Technique (WRT) and the impact of reversal time on the efficiency of uranium mining via In-Situ Leaching (ISL) were investigated. A prevalent issue in ISL mineral extraction is the formation of stagnant zones caused by limited access of the lixiviant, which leads to increased operating expenditures. The WRT, which involves altering the function of some wells from injection to production or vice versa, is a potential solution to this problem. The efficiency of WRT is heavily dependent on the well pattern and reversal time. Two commonly used well patterns in ISL are the 9-spot (row arrangement) and 7-spot (hexagonal arrangement). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal reversal time for a 9-spot well pattern through mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic and physico-chemical processes and subsequent economic assessment. A mathematical model of uranium extraction processes was developed using the principles of mass conservation, Darcy’s, and mass action laws. The results obtained for a 9-spot well pattern without reversal, with two reversal options, and a 7-spot scheme were analyzed comparatively. The 7-spot scheme without reversal was found to be the most effective of the options examined. The application of WRT on a 9-spot well pattern allows to enhance production efficiency to a level comparable to that of a 7-spot well pattern. Additionally, the effect of reversal time on recovery was studied based on two well reversal options. The results from calculation revealed that the optimal scenario was when the well reversal is conducted immediately after the time point at which the average concentration of the pregnant solution in the production wells reaches its peak value. The overall efficiency of WRT application was determined through economic calculations of capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) expenditures. Based on economic calculations, it was determined that the utilization of WRT results in a 3–18% increase in mineral production efficiency for a 9-point scheme, depending on the chosen reversal method. |
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0304-386x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ shayakhmetov_enhancing_2023 |
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203 |
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Author |
Shams, A. |
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A rediscovered-new ‘Qanat’ system in the High Mountains of Sinai Peninsula, with Levantine reflections |
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2014 |
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Journal of Arid Environments |
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110 |
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69-74 |
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Foggara, Irrigation, Levant, Qanat, Sinai Peninsula |
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Since the Achaemenid Empire in 532–332 BCE, the ‘Qanat’ became the central irrigation system in the arid and semi-arid lands. Several terms are used for ‘Qanat’ in different regions, including the Karez, Qanat, Falaj type Daudi, Qanat Romani, Fuqara (Foggara), or Khettara as known in Central Asia, Persia, Southeast Arabia, Levant, North Africa, or Morocco respectively. Typically, the ground, spring or surface water (i.e. seasonal floods or river-fed) sources feed similar irrigation system. Based on thirteen years of extensive survey and analysis work (i.e. Sinai Peninsula Research 2000–2013 CE), this paper presents a rediscovered-new Qanat system in the High Mountains of Sinai Peninsula (i.e. UNESCO World Heritage Site ‘WHS’ no. 954) under chronological open question with Levantine reflections. In 1970s CE, the present Sinaitic site of Farsh Abu A’lwan or the anciently known Farsh Shamma’a was archaeologically surveyed without a direct reference to the Qanat system in-situ. Scientifically, it is an argumentative and unique Qanat system in terms of chronology, location (region), site (local-setting), water source, size and household utility. It is the only discovered ‘Qanat’ across the Sinai, connecting the Near East and North Africa. |
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0140-1963 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Shams201469 |
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248 |
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Severi, A.; Masoudian, M.; Kordi, E.; Roettcher, K. |
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Title |
Discharge coefficient of combined-free over-under flow on a cylindrical weir-gate |
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2015 |
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ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering |
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21 |
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1 |
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42-52 |
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Taylor & Francis |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ doi:10.1080/09715010.2014.939503 |
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88 |
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