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Xie, T.; Lian, B.; Chen, C.; Qian, T.; Liu, X.; Shang, Z.; Li, T.; Wang, R.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Zhu, J. |
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Title |
Leaching behaviour and mechanism of U, 226Ra and 210Pb from uranium tailings at different pH conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
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Journal of Environmental Radioactivity |
Abbreviated Journal |
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270 |
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107300 |
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Leaching experiments, Pb, Ra, U, Uranium tailings |
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A large number of radionuclides remain in uranium tailings, and U, 226Ra and 210Pb leach out with water chemistry, causing potential radioactive contamination to the surrounding environment. In this paper, uranium tailings from a uranium tailings pond in southern China were collected at different depths by means of borehole sampling, mixed and homogenised, and analysed for mineral and chemical composition, microscopic morphology, U, 226Ra and 210Pb fugacity, static leaching and dynamic leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb in uranium tailings at different pH conditions. The variation of U, 226Ra and 210Pb concentrations in the leachate under different pH conditions with time was obtained, and the leaching mechanism was analysed. The results showed that the uranium tailings were dominated by quartz, plagioclase and other minerals, of which SiO2 and Al2O3 accounted for 65.45% and 13.32% respectively, and U, 226Ra and 210Pb were mainly present in the residue form. The results of the static leaching experiments show that pH mainly influences the leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb by changing their chemical forms and the particle properties of the tailings, and that the lower the pH the more favourable the leaching. The results of dynamic leaching experiments during the experimental cycle showed that the leaching concentration and cumulative release of U, 226Ra and 210Pb in the leach solution were greater at lower pH conditions than at higher pH conditions, and the leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb at different pH conditions was mainly from the water-soluble and exchangeable states. The present research results are of great significance for the environmental risk management and control of radioactive contamination in existing uranium tailings ponds, and are conducive to ensuring the long-term safety, stability and sustainability of uranium mining sites. |
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0265-931x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ xie_leaching_2023 |
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200 |
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Boumaiza, L.; Ammar, S.B.; Chesnaux, R.; Stotler, R.L.; Mayer, B.; Huneau, F.; Johannesson, K.H.; Levison, J.; Knöller, K.; Stumpp, C. |
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Title |
Nitrate sources and transformation processes in groundwater of a coastal area experiencing various environmental stressors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
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Journal of Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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345 |
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118803 |
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Aquifer, Denitrification, MixSIAR, Nitrate, Nitrification, Stable isotopes |
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In coastal salinized groundwater systems, contamination from various nitrate (NO3) inputs combined with complex hydrogeochemical processes make it difficult to distinguish NO3 sources and identify potential NO3 transformtation processes. Effective field-based NO3 studies in coastal areas are needed to improve the understanding of NO3 contamination dynamics in groundwater of such complex coastal systems. This study focuses on a typical Mediterranean coastal agricultural area, located in Tunisia, experiencing substantial NO3 contamination from multiple anthropogenic sources. Here, multiple isotopic tracers (δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, and δ11B) combined with a Bayesian isotope MixSIAR model are used (i) to identify the major NO3 sources and their contributions, and (ii) to describe the potential NO3 transformation processes. The measured NO3 concentrations in groundwater are above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. The measured isotopic composition of NO3 indicates that manure, soil organic matter, and sewage are the potential sources of NO3, while δ11B values constrain the NO3 contamination to manure; a finding that is supported by the results of MixSIAR model revealing that manure-derived NO3 dominates over other likely sources. Nitrate derived from manure in the study area is attributed to organic fertilizers used to promote crop growth, and livestock that deposit manure directly on the ground surface. Evidence for ongoing denitrification in groundwaters of the study area is supported by an enrichment in both 15N and 18O in the remaining NO3, although isotopic mass balances between the measured and the theoretical δ18ONO3 values also suggest the occurrence of nitrification. The simultaneous occurrence of these biogeochemical processes with heterogeneous distribution across the study area reflect the complexity of interactions within the investigated coastal aquifer. The multiple isotopic tracer approach used here can identify the effect of multiple NO3 anthropogenic activities in coastal environments, which is fundamental for sustainable groundwater resources management. |
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0301-4797 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ boumaiza_nitrate_2023 |
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170 |
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Dąbrowska, J.; Orellana, A.E.M.; Kilian, W.; Moryl, A.; Cielecka, N.; Michałowska, K.; Policht-Latawiec, A.; Michalski, A.; Bednarek, A.; Włóka, A. |
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Title |
Between flood and drought: How cities are facing water surplus and scarcity |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Journal of Environmental Management |
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345 |
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118557 |
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Urban ecosystem management, Urban floods, Urban droughts, Nature-based solutions, Climate change, Urban resilience |
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Droughts and floods are weather-related hazards affecting cities in all climate zones and causing human deaths and material losses on all inhabited continents. The aim of this article is to review, analyse and discuss in detail the problems faced by urban ecosystems due to water surplus and scarcity, as well as the need of adaptation to climate change taking into account the legislation, current challenges and knowledge gaps. The literature review indicated that urban floods are much more recognised than urban droughts. Amongst floods, flash floods are currently the most challenging, which by their nature are difficult to monitor. Research and adaptation measures related to water-released hazards use cutting-edge technologies for risk assessment, decision support systems, or early warning systems, among others, but in all areas knowledge gaps for urban droughts are evident. Increasing urban retention and introducing Low Impact Development and Nature-based Solutions is a remedy for both droughts and floods in cities. There is the need to integrate flood and drought disaster risk reduction strategies and creating a holistic approach. |
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0301-4797 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Dabrowska2023118557 |
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227 |
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Custódio, D.A.; Ghisi, E. |
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Title |
Impact of residential rainwater harvesting on stormwater runoff |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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326 |
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116814 |
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Rainwater harvesting, Residential buildings, Stormwater runoff, Floods, Computer simulation |
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Population increase, climate change and soil impermeability are factors causing floods in large urban centres. Such places also always have water shortage problems. This research aims to evaluate the influence of rainwater harvesting in residential buildings on stormwater in a basin located in southern Brazil (Rio Cachoeira Basin). Urbanised and non-urbanised areas, soil types, curve numbers and time of concentration of each sub-basin were taken into account. Through the HEC-HMS programme, it was possible to calculate hydrographs for the base scenario (when there is no rainwater harvesting). Then, rainwater tanks for the residential buildings were sized using the computer programme Netuno. In the second scenario, there is rainwater harvesting in all residential buildings. Thus, the hydrographs for the second scenario were also calculated. The peak flow reduction potentials for the sub-basins ranged from 2.7% to 14.3%. The highest percentage (14.3%) did not occur in the sub-basin with the most extensive roof area; such highest peak flow reduction occurred in Bom Retiro sub-basin. In Bom Retiro sub-basin, there are more houses than multi-storey residential buildings. Even when considering the full potential of rainwater harvesting for roof areas of all existing buildings in the Rio Cachoeira Basin, the average potential reduction in peak flow was 7.2%. The conclusion is that rainwater tanks in residential buildings have little influence on stormwater runoff, and the stormwater runoff will be less affected when the area of the hydrographic basin is larger. Thus, the reduction in peak flows is insignificant when considering the flooding in the region. |
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0301-4797 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Custodio2023116814 |
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231 |
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Mabrouk, M.; Han, H.; Fan, C.; Abdrabo, K.I.; Shen, G.; Saber, M.; Kantoush, S.A.; Sumi, T. |
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Assessing the effectiveness of nature-based solutions-strengthened urban planning mechanisms in forming flood-resilient cities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Management |
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344 |
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118260 |
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Flood, Urban planning, Sustainable cities, LID, Natural-based solutions, Alexandria |
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Cities have experienced rapid urbanization-induced harsh climatic events, especially flooding, inevitably resulting in negative and irreversible consequences for urban resilience and endangering residents’ lives. Numerous studies have analyzed the effects of anthropogenic practices (land use changes and urbanization) on flood forecasting. However, non-structural mitigation’s effectiveness, like Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), has yet to receive adequate attention, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which have become increasingly significant and indispensable for operationalizing cities efficiently. Therefore, our study investigated the predictive influence of incorporating one of the most common NBS strategies called low-impact development tools (LID) (such as rain gardens, bio-retention cells, green roofs, infiltration trenches, permeable pavement, and vegetative swale) during the urban planning of Alexandria, Egypt, which experiences the harshest rainfall annually and includes various urban patterns. City characteristics-dependent 14 LID scenarios were simulated with recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 years using the LID Treatment Train Tool (LID TTT), depending on calibrated data from 2015 to 2020, by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index and deterministic coefficient, and root-mean-square error with values of 0.97, 0.91, and 0.31, respectively. Our findings confirmed the significant effectiveness of combined LID tools on total flood runoff volume reduction by 73.7%, revealing that different urban patterns can be used in flood-prone cities, provided LID tools are considered in city planning besides grey infrastructure to achieve optimal mitigation. These results, which combined multiple disciplines and were not explicitly mentioned in similar studies in developing countries, may assist municipalities’ policymakers in planning flood-resistant, sustainable cities. |
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0301-4797 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mabrouk2023118260 |
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232 |
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Baptista, V.S.G.; Coelho, V.H.R.; Bertrand, G.F.; Silva, G.B.L. da; Caicedo, N.O.L.; Montenegro, S.M.G.L.; Stefan, C.; Glass, J.; Heim, R.; Conrad, A.; Almeida, C. das N. |
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Rooftop water harvesting for managed aquifer recharge and flood mitigation in tropical cities: Towards a strategy of co-benefit evaluations in João Pessoa, northeast Brazil |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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342 |
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118034 |
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Flood control, Groundwater, Injection well, Stormwater management, Urban drainage, Aquifer storage and recovery |
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Intense urbanisation in many coastal areas has led to intensification of groundwater consumption, while reducing permeable areas and increasing the frequency and magnitude of flooding. Among the potential strategies to compensate for these adverse effects, which are expected to become worse as a result of climate change, rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) in combination with managed aquifer recharge (MAR), may be indicated. This work investigated the performance of different configurations of such a system, tested as a twofold sustainable stormwater and domestic water management tool in a tropical metropole (João Pessoa, Brazil). This area located over a sedimentary aquifer system illustrates the water security challenges of densely urbanised areas in southern cities. To that end, several configurations of rooftop catchments and storage volumes were evaluated, by simulating a MAR-RWH system connected to the regional unconfined aquifer (Barreiras Formation) through a 6″ diameter injection well. Rainfall-runoff-recharge processes and water balances were simulated using monitored high-temporal resolution rainfall data. The results showed that catchments ranging from 180 to 810 m2, connected to tanks from 0.5 to 30.0 m³, are the optimal solutions in terms of efficient rainwater retention and peak flow reduction. These solutions provided mean annual estimates of aquifer recharge between 57 and 255 m³/yr from 2004 to 2019. The results of this study highlight the opportunity for MAR schemes to reconcile stormwater management and water supply goals. |
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0301-4797 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Baptista2023118034 |
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237 |
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Kurmanseiit, M.B.; Tungatarova, M.S.; Royer, J.-J.; Aizhulov, D.Y.; Shayakhmetov, N.M.; Kaltayev, A. |
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Streamline-based reactive transport modeling of uranium mining during in-situ leaching: Advantages and drawbacks |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Hydrometallurgy |
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220 |
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106107 |
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3D modeling, In-situ leaching, Reactive transport model, Streamlines, Uranium recovery |
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Reactive transport modeling is known to be computationally intensive when applied to 3D problems. Transforming sequential computing on the computer processor units (CPU) into parallelized computation on the high-performance parallel graphic processor units (GPU) is a classical approach to increasing computational performance. Another complementary approach is to decompose a complex 3D modeling problem into a set of simpler 1D problems using streamline approaches which can be easily parallelized, therefore reducing computation time. This paper investigates solutions to the equations governing dissolution and transport using streamlines coupled with a parallelization approach. In addition, an analytical solution to the dissolution and transfer equations of uranium describing the In-Situ Leaching (ISL) mining recovery is found using an approximation series to the 2nd order. The analytical solution is compared to the 1D numerical resolution along the streamlines and to the 3D simulation results superimposed on the streamline. Both approaches give similar results with a relative error of \textless2 % (2%). The proposed methodology is then applied to a case study in which the classical 3D resolution is compared to the newly suggested streamline solution, demonstrating that the streamline approach increases computational performances by a factor ranging from hundred to thousand depending on the complexity of the grid-block model. |
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0304-386x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ kurmanseiit_streamline-based_2023 |
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190 |
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Shayakhmetov, N.M.; Alibayeva, K.A.; Kaltayev, A.; Panfilov, I. |
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Enhancing uranium in-situ leaching efficiency through the well reverse technique: A study of the effects of reversal time on production efficiency and cost |
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2023 |
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Hydrometallurgy |
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219 |
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106086 |
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Economic evaluation, Hydrodynamic enhancement of mineral production, In-situ leaching, Mineral recovery, Optimal reversal time, Well reversing technique |
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In this study, the application of the Well Reversal Technique (WRT) and the impact of reversal time on the efficiency of uranium mining via In-Situ Leaching (ISL) were investigated. A prevalent issue in ISL mineral extraction is the formation of stagnant zones caused by limited access of the lixiviant, which leads to increased operating expenditures. The WRT, which involves altering the function of some wells from injection to production or vice versa, is a potential solution to this problem. The efficiency of WRT is heavily dependent on the well pattern and reversal time. Two commonly used well patterns in ISL are the 9-spot (row arrangement) and 7-spot (hexagonal arrangement). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal reversal time for a 9-spot well pattern through mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic and physico-chemical processes and subsequent economic assessment. A mathematical model of uranium extraction processes was developed using the principles of mass conservation, Darcy’s, and mass action laws. The results obtained for a 9-spot well pattern without reversal, with two reversal options, and a 7-spot scheme were analyzed comparatively. The 7-spot scheme without reversal was found to be the most effective of the options examined. The application of WRT on a 9-spot well pattern allows to enhance production efficiency to a level comparable to that of a 7-spot well pattern. Additionally, the effect of reversal time on recovery was studied based on two well reversal options. The results from calculation revealed that the optimal scenario was when the well reversal is conducted immediately after the time point at which the average concentration of the pregnant solution in the production wells reaches its peak value. The overall efficiency of WRT application was determined through economic calculations of capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) expenditures. Based on economic calculations, it was determined that the utilization of WRT results in a 3–18% increase in mineral production efficiency for a 9-point scheme, depending on the chosen reversal method. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ shayakhmetov_enhancing_2023 |
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203 |
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Timsina, J.; Weerahewa, J. |
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Restoring ancient irrigation systems for sustainable agro-ecosystems development: Reflections on the special issue |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Agricultural Systems |
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209 |
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103668 |
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Ancient irrigation systems, Degradation, Sustainability, Sri Lanka |
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Humans have relied on agriculture to feed their communities for thousands of years. Irrigation is practiced in many different forms over the years in countries all over the world. Although modern irrigation systems have been developed, and are in use in many countries, ancient irrigation systems (AISs) have also played a major role in sustaining food production, especially in smallholder farming in least developed and developing countries. The editorial team of Agricultural Systems put out a call for a special issue on restoring AISs for sustainable agro-ecosystems development to capture ancient marvels of traditional irrigation technology across the world. The objectives of this special issue were to: (i) understand and analyse the hydrological and socio-economic networks anchored by AISs; (ii) explain the nature and sustainability of management of these systems in relation to local agro-ecosystems; (iii) analyse the implications of the AISs for land, soil and water quality, and agro-ecosystem services; (iv) qualitative and quantitative analysis of AISs, including bio-physical and bio-economic modelling of these systems; and (v) assess the feasibility of alternative technological, institutional and management strategies to enhance the productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability of the systems. The overall goal of the special issue was to develop a useful repository for this information as well as to use the journal’s international reach to share this information with the agricultural systems research community and journal readership. This paper provides reflections of papers published in the special issue. The special issue resulted in twelve high quality original research articles and one review article from Asia, Africa and Europe. The findings from various papers revealed that the AISs have been degraded due to human interventions or the anthropogenic activities across the world. Various papers emphasized that as a corrective measure, there is a need for developing and implementing rehabilitation projects in these systems. Authors identified that appropriate policy interventions by the relevant authorities would be a major step towards such rehabilitation process. However, resetting the ecosystem structure of the AISs strictly towards their historical manifestation is neither required nor feasible in the present context as it would contradict the expectations of stakeholders from these systems. The knowledge generated through the special issue provides evidence-based information on various aspects of AISs. It helps aware governments, private sectors and development agencies for improved policy planning and decision making and for prioritizing the restoration, rehabilitation, and management of various AISs around the world. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Timsina2023103668 |
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255 |
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Weerahewa, J.; Timsina, J.; Wickramasinghe, C.; Mimasha, S.; Dayananda, D.; Puspakumara, G. |
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Ancient irrigation systems in Asia and Africa: Typologies, degradation and ecosystem services |
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2023 |
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Agricultural Systems |
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205 |
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103580 |
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Agriculture, Climate change, Hydrology, Village tank cascade system, Tank irrigation, Watershed |
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CONTEXT Ancient irrigation systems (AISs) have been providing a multitude of ecosystem services to rural farming and urban communities in Asia and Africa, especially in arid and semi-arid climatic areas with low rainfall. Many AISs, however have now been degraded. A systematic analysis of AISs on their typologies, causes of degradation, and their ecosystem services is lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to synthesize the knowledge on AISs on their typologies, status and causes of degradation, ecosystem services and functions, and identify gaps in research in Asia and Africa. METHOD A critical review of peer-reviewed journal papers, conference and workshop proceedings, book chapters, grey literature, and country reports was conducted. Qualitative and quantitative information from journal papers were used to conceptualize the typologies and analyze the status and causes of degradation, and ecosystems services and functions provided by the AISs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Based on the review, we classified AISs into three groups by source of irrigation water: Rainwater harvesting system (RHS) with small reservoirs, ground water based system, and floodwater based system. The RHSs, which used to receive reliable rainfall and managed by well cohesive social organizations for their maintenance and functioning in past, have now been silting due to extreme rainfall pattern and breakdown of the cohesive organizations in recent decades. In ground water based systems, indiscriminate development of deep tube wells causing siltation of channels has been a major challenge. In floodwater irrigation systems, irregular rainfall in the highlands and the breakage of irrigation structures by destructive floods were the main causes of degradation. Lack of maintenance and increased soil erosion, inadequate skilled manpower, and declining support from the government for repair and maintenance were the main causes of degradation of all AISs. The main ecosystem service provided by all AISs is water for agriculture. In tank- and pond-based systems, fish farming is also practiced. Tank irrigation systems provide various types of provisioning, regulatory, cultural and supporting services, especially in India and Sri Lanka. Ground water based systems provide water for domestic purposes and various cultural services. Floodwater based systems provide water for power generation and wildlife habitat maintenance and help in flood control. SIGNIFICANCE The knowledge generated through the review provide evidence-based information, and help aware governments, private sectors and development agencies for improved policy planning and decision making, and prioritizing the restoration, rehabilitation, and management of various AISs. |
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0308-521x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Weerahewa2023103580 |
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275 |
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