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Author Rubin, R. url  openurl
  Title Water conservation methods in Israel’s Negev desert in late antiquity Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Journal of Historical Geography Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue (down) 3 Pages 229-244  
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  Abstract Settlement in Israel’s Negev desert historically has been dependent on water conservation techniques. Fieldwork carried out on settlement sites constructed during the Byzantine period, when agriculture and trade flourished, revealed a variety of water installations some of which are in use today. Perennial springs in the Negev are generally small and difficult of access. Cisterns were the most common conservation devices and came in both large, enclosed and single, open forms. Cisterns were common particularly in the towns, where they were usually built as part of house foundations. Dams were discovered at several sites but proved to be inefficient and easily abandoned because of evaporation and siltation problems. Public reservoirs were part of the structure of the largest towns and were open and among the larges structures uncovered at settlement sites. Wells were distributed widely throughout the desert and were part of the only conservation system that did not depend directly on surface rainfall. A qanat system was located in the eastern Negev dating from the late settlement period before the area was abandoned at the turn of the eighth century. These various water systems raise questions about their builders and their origins, and suggests that builders originating in more humid Mediterranean environments tended to produce less adaptable installations than builders derived from the south or the east.  
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  ISSN 0305-7488 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Rubin1988229 Serial 262  
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Author Zhang, Y.; Liu, X.; Yuan, S.; Song, J.; Chen, W.; Dias, D. url  openurl
  Title A two-dimensional experimental study of active progressive failure of deeply buried Qanat tunnels in sandy ground Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Soils and Foundations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 63 Issue (down) 3 Pages 101323  
  Keywords Qanat tunnel, Sand, Failure effect, Soil arching, Model test  
  Abstract As an ancient underground hydraulic engineering facility, the Qanat system has been used to draw groundwater from arid regions. A qanat is a horizontal tunnel with a slight incline that draws groundwater from a higher location and delivers it to lower agricultural land. During long-term water delivery, the qanat tunnel has experienced different degrees of aging and collapse, which may result in the significant ground settlement and even disasters. This paper developed a two-dimensional laboratory system to investigate the influence of progressive failure on the stability of deeply buried qanat tunnels. The developed system is fully instrumented with a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and earth pressure and displacement monitoring. A special cylindrical membrane tube is designed and connected to an advanced pressure–volume controller to simulate the step-wise failure process of the tunnel. Three model tests were conducted on a dry sand considering the buried qanat tunnels at three different depths. Experimental results clearly show the progressive evolution of soil arching effect in the dry sand associated with the progressive failure of the tunnels. The failure of the Qanat ground starts from the vault and develops upwards, which is closely related to the evolution of stress contour at three consecutive stages. Ground surface settlement and volume loss corresponding to three burial depths were compared. A deeply buried qanat tunnel has a small effect on surface settlement. Earth pressure evolution on the 2D plane shows the load redistribution when the qanat collapses. The maximum arch and the initial point of the limit state correspond to a volume loss of 12.5 % and 50 %, respectively. For the collapse of the deep buried qanat tunnel, ground earth pressure evolution can be divided into a stress-increasing region, stress-decreasing region, and no redistribution region. Furthermore, a multi trap-door model considering soil expansion is proposed to describe the progressive failure behavior and its effects.  
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  ISSN 0038-0806 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Zhang2023101323 Serial 274  
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Author Klock, H.; Külls, C.; Udluft, P. openurl 
  Title Estimating recharge values using hydrochemical and geological data: a case study from the Type Conference Article
  Year 2001 Publication Impact of Human Activity on Groundwater Dynamics: Proceedings of an International Symposium (Symposium S3) Held During the Sixth Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) at Maastricht, The Netherlands, from 18 t Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (down) 269 Pages 25  
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  Area Expedition Conference International Assn of Hydrological Sciences  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Klock2001estimating Serial 60  
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Author Külls, C. openurl 
  Title Resolving patterns of groundwater flow by inverse hydrochemical modelling in a semiarid Kalahari Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Tracers and Modelling in Hydrogeology: TraM’2000: Proceedings of TraM’2000, the International Conference on Tracers and Modelling in Hydrogeology Held at Liège, Belgium, in May 2000 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (down) 262 Pages 447  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Kuells2000resolving Serial 62  
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Author Demuth, S.; Külls, C. openurl 
  Title Probability analysis and regional aspects of droughts in southern Germany Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Sustainability of Water Resources under Increasing Uncertainty Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (down) 240 Pages 97  
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  Publisher Iahs Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Demuth1997probability Serial 35  
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