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Author Seidl, C.; Wheeler, S.A.; Page, D.
Title Understanding the global success criteria for managed aquifer recharge schemes Type Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication (down) Journal of Hydrology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 628 Issue Pages 130469
Keywords Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Water banking, Groundwater, Water management, Water storage
Abstract Water availability and quality issues will only gain importance in the future, with climate change impacts putting increasing pressure on global water resources. Dealing with these challenges requires drawing on all available water management tools, including Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). Although MAR has seen increasing global implementation during the last half a century, it is still often overlooked as a management tool. While technical, bio-physical, and hydrogeological aspects of MAR are well researched, this cannot be said for socio-economic and other governance factors. Where information is available, this study seeks to understand the conditions necessary for MAR success. We apply fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis on 313 world MAR applications, and also model separately for high- and low-middle-income countries. Results show that sophisticated hydrogeological site understanding and scheme operation is paramount for MAR success, as is utilizing natural water sources for high value end uses. Successful high-income country MAR schemes tend to be large and utilize natural water sources and sophisticated water injection and treatment methods to augment potable water supply; while successful low-middle-income country schemes are not large, older than 20 years, and use gravity infiltration methods and (limited) no water treatment. These findings will help inform the future suitability of MAR application design and its likely success within various contexts.
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ISSN 0022-1694 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Seidl2024130469 Serial 273
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Author Heaton, T.H.E.
Title Sources of the nitrate in phreatic groundwater in the western Kalahari Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication (down) Journal of Hydrology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 249-259
Keywords
Abstract Elevated levels of nitrate occur in phreatic groundwater in the western Kalahari, Namibia. Nitrate in water containing 0.4–3.1 meq NO−3l−1, of widespread occurrence, has δ15N values in the range +4.9 to +8.0‰, suggesting natural derivation from the soil. The sporadic occurrence of very high levels of nitrate (> 4 meq NO−3l−1), which has δ15N between +9.3 to +18.7‰, reflects pollution derived from animal waste. The importance of considering the possible isotopic effects of denitrification, and the significance of leaching in the nitrogen budget of the Kalahari soil, are also discussed.
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ISSN 0022-1694 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Heaton1984249 Serial 278
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Author Vogel, J.C.; Talma, A.S.; Heaton, T.H.E.
Title Gaseous nitrogen as evidence for denitrification in groundwater Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication (down) Journal of Hydrology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 50 Issue Pages 191-200
Keywords
Abstract By investigating the nitrate, oxygen, nitrogen and argon concentrations and 15N14N ratios in artesian groundwater with radiocarbon ages ranging up to 27,000 yr. a process of very slow denitrification in a confined aquifer is demonstrated. The calculated nitrogenisotope fractionation factor associated with this reaction is comparable to that reported for bacterial cultures in vitro and in vivo.
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ISSN 0022-1694 ISBN Medium
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Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Vogel1981191 Serial 280
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Author Heaton, T.H.E.; Talma, A.S.; Vogel, J.C.
Title Origin and history of nitrate in confined groundwater in the western Kalahari Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication (down) Journal of Hydrology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 243-262
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Abstract Data are presented for nitrate, dinitrogen and argon concentrations and 15N14N ratios in groundwater, with radiocarbon ages up to 40,000 yr. for three confined sandstone aquifers in the western Kalahari of South West Africa/Namibia. The nitrate is probably generated within the soil of the recharge areas, and its production rate during the period 3000-40,000 B.P. has remained between 0.5 and 1.6 meq NO−3l−1 of recharge water, with ° 15N between + 4 and + 8‰. Variations in the amount of nitrate and of “excess air” in groundwater recharge are found, and can only reflect changes in the environmental conditions during recharge. They must therefore be caused by the climatic changes that have taken place during the past 25,000 yr.
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ISSN 0022-1694 ISBN Medium
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Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Heaton1983243 Serial 282
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Author Rubin, R.
Title Water conservation methods in Israel’s Negev desert in late antiquity Type Journal Article
Year 1988 Publication (down) Journal of Historical Geography Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 229-244
Keywords
Abstract Settlement in Israel’s Negev desert historically has been dependent on water conservation techniques. Fieldwork carried out on settlement sites constructed during the Byzantine period, when agriculture and trade flourished, revealed a variety of water installations some of which are in use today. Perennial springs in the Negev are generally small and difficult of access. Cisterns were the most common conservation devices and came in both large, enclosed and single, open forms. Cisterns were common particularly in the towns, where they were usually built as part of house foundations. Dams were discovered at several sites but proved to be inefficient and easily abandoned because of evaporation and siltation problems. Public reservoirs were part of the structure of the largest towns and were open and among the larges structures uncovered at settlement sites. Wells were distributed widely throughout the desert and were part of the only conservation system that did not depend directly on surface rainfall. A qanat system was located in the eastern Negev dating from the late settlement period before the area was abandoned at the turn of the eighth century. These various water systems raise questions about their builders and their origins, and suggests that builders originating in more humid Mediterranean environments tended to produce less adaptable installations than builders derived from the south or the east.
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ISSN 0305-7488 ISBN Medium
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Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Rubin1988229 Serial 262
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