| Records |
| Author |
Bonnetti, C.; Zhou, L.; Riegler, T.; Brugger, J.; Fairclough, M. |
| Title |
Large S isotope and trace element fractionations in pyrite of uranium roll front systems result from internally-driven biogeochemical cycle |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication  |
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
282 |
Issue |
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Pages |
113-132 |
| Keywords |
Activity cycle, Pyrite composition, Roll front uranium deposits, S isotope and trace element fractionation |
| Abstract |
Complex pyrite textures associated with large changes in isotopic and trace element compositions are routinely assumed to be indicative of multi-faceted processes involving multiple fluid and sulfur sources. We propose that the features of ore-stage pyrite from roll front deposits across the world, revealed in exquisite detail via high-resolution trace element mapping by LA-ICP-MS, reflect the dynamic internal evolution of the biogeochemical processes responsible for sulfate reduction, rather than externally driven changes in fluid or sulfur sources through time. Upon percolation of oxidizing fluids into the reduced host-sandstones, roll front systems become self-organized, with a systematic reset of their activity cycle after each translation stage of the redox interface down dip of the aquifer. Dominantly reducing conditions at the redox interface favor the formation of biogenic framboidal pyrite (δ34S from −30.5 to −12.5‰) by bacterial sulfate reduction and the genesis of the U mineralization. As the oxidation front advances, oxidation of reduced sulfur minerals induces an increased supply of sulfate and metals in solution to the bacterial sulfate reduction zone that has similarly advanced down the flow gradient. Hence, this stage is marked by increased rates of the bacterial sulfate reduction associated with the crystallization of variably As-Co-Ni-Mo-enriched concentric pyrite (up to 10,000′s of ppm total trace contents) with moderately negative δ34S values (from −13.7 to −7.5‰). A final stage of pyrite cement with low trace element contents and heavier δ34S signature (from −6.9 to +18.8‰) marks the end of the roll front activity cycle and the transition from an open to a predominantly closed system behavior (negligible advection of fresh sulfate). Blocky pyrite cement is formed using the remaining sulfate, which now becomes quickly heavy according to a Rayleigh isotope fractionation process. This ends the cycle by depleting the nutrient supplies for the sulfate-reducing bacteria and cementing pore spaces within the host sandstone, effectively restricting fluid infiltration. This internally-driven roll front activity cycle results in systematic, large S isotope and trace element fractionation. Ultimately, the long-time evolution of the basin and fluid sources control the metal endowment and evolution of the system; these events, however, are unlikely to be preserved by the roll front, as a direct result of its hydrodynamic nature. |
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0016-7037 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ bonnetti_large_2020 |
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185 |
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| Author |
Ingham, E.S.; Cook, N.J.; Cliff, J.; Ciobanu, C.L.; Huddleston, A. |
| Title |
A combined chemical, isotopic and microstructural study of pyrite from roll-front uranium deposits, Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
125 |
Issue |
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Pages |
440-465 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The common sulfide mineral pyrite is abundant throughout sedimentary uranium systems at Pepegoona, Pepegoona West and Pannikan, Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia. Combined chemical, isotopic and microstructural analysis of pyrite indicates variation in fluid composition, sulfur source and precipitation conditions during a protracted mineralization event. The results show the significant role played by pyrite as a metal scavenger and monitor of fluid changes in low-temperature hydrothermal systems. In-situ micrometer-scale sulfur isotope analyses of pyrite demonstrated broad-scale isotopic heterogeneity (δ34S=−43.9 to +32.4‰VCDT), indicative of complex, multi-faceted pyrite evolution, and sulfur derived from more than a single source. Preserved textures support this assertion and indicate a genetic model involving more than one phase of pyrite formation. Authigenic pyrite underwent prolonged evolution and recrystallization, evidenced by a genetic relationship between archetypal framboidal aggregates and pyrite euhedra. Secondary hydrothermal pyrite commonly displays hyper-enrichment of several trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Sb, W and Tl) in ore-bearing horizons. Hydrothermal fluids of magmatic and meteoric origins supplied metals to the system but the geochemical signature of pyrite suggests a dominantly granitic source and also the influence of mafic rock types. Irregular variation in δ34S, coupled with oscillatory trace element zonation in secondary pyrite, is interpreted in terms of continuous variations in fluid composition and cycles of diagenetic recrystallization. A late-stage oxidizing fluid may have mobilized selenium from pre-existing pyrite. Subsequent restoration of reduced conditions within the aquifer caused ongoing pyrite re-crystallization and precipitation of selenium as native selenium. These results provide the first qualitative constraints on the formation mechanisms of the uranium deposits at Beverley North. Insights into depositional conditions and sources of both sulfide and uranium mineralization and an improved understanding of pyrite geochemistry can also underpin an effective vector for uranium exploration at Beverley North and other sedimentary systems of the Lake Eyre Basin, as well as in comparable geological environments elsewhere. |
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0016-7037 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ ingham_combined_2014 |
Serial |
188 |
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| Author |
Lightfoot, D.R. |
| Title |
Moroccan khettara: Traditional irrigation and progressive desiccation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Geoforum |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
261-273 |
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| Abstract |
A 300 km network of khettara (qanat) subsurface irrigation channels was excavated in the Tafilalt basin beginning in the late 14th century. More than 75 of these chains provided perennial water following the breakup of the ancient city of Sijilmassa. Khettara continued to function for much of the northern oasis until the early 1970s, when new technologies and government policies forced changes. Data on origins, maintenance, and current use were collected from archival sources, aerial photographs, Landsat imagery, and from interviews. Insufficient water resources and unsustainable practices have dramatically lowered the water table, drying up khettara. This has resulted in a loss of local control over water resources, abandonment of a sustainable irrigation system, and progressive desiccation. |
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0016-7185 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Lightfoot1996261 |
Serial |
257 |
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| Author |
Khaneiki, M.L.; Al-Ghafri, A.S.; Klöve, B.; Haghighi, A.T. |
| Title |
Sustainability and virtual water: The lessons of history |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Geography and Sustainability |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
358-365 |
| Keywords |
Proto-industrialization, Water scarcity, Non-hydraulic polity, Virtual water, Political economy |
| Abstract |
This article aims to show that virtual water has historically been an adaptation strategy that enabled some arid regions to develop a prosperous economy without putting pressure on their scarce water resources. Virtual water is referred to as the total amount of water that is consumed to produce goods and services. As an example, in arid central Iran, the deficiency in agricultural revenues was offset by more investment in local industries that enjoyed a perennial capacity to employ more workers. The revenues of local industries weaned the population from irrigated agriculture, since most of their raw materials and also food stuff were imported from other regions, bringing a remarkable amount of virtual water. This virtual water not only sustained the region’s inhabitants, but also set the stage for a powerful polity in the face of a rapid population growth between the 13th and 15th centuries AD. The resultant surplus products entailed a vast and safe network of roads, provided by both entrepreneurs and government. Therefore, it became possible to import more feedstock such as cocoons from water-abundant regions and then export silk textiles with considerable value-added. This article concludes that a similar model of virtual water can remedy the ongoing water crisis in central Iran, where groundwater reserves are overexploited, and many rural and urban centers are teetering on the edge of socio-ecological collapse. History holds an urgent lesson on sustainability for our today’s policy that stubbornly peruses agriculture and other high-water-demand sectors in an arid region whose development has always been dependent on virtual water. |
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Edition |
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2666-6839 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Khaneiki2022358 |
Serial |
272 |
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| Author |
Lawrinenko, M.; Kurwadkar, S.; Wilkin, R.T. |
| Title |
Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation – A mechanistic approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Geoscience Frontiers |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
101494 |
| Keywords |
Geochemistry, Iron, Permeable reactive barrier, Plating reactions, Reduction potential, Surface passivation |
| Abstract |
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are used for groundwater remediation at contaminated sites worldwide. This technology has been efficient at appropriate sites for treating organic and inorganic contaminants using zero-valent iron (ZVI) as a reductant and as a reactive material. Continued development of the technology over the years suggests that a robust understanding of PRB performance and the mechanisms involved is still lacking. Conflicting information in the scientific literature downplays the critical role of ZVI corrosion in the remediation of various organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, there is a lack of information on how different mechanisms act in tandem to affect ZVI-groundwater systems through time. In this review paper, we describe the underlying mechanisms of PRB performance and remove isolated misconceptions. We discuss the primary mechanisms of ZVI transformation and aging in PRBs and the role of iron corrosion products. We review numerous sites to reinforce our understanding of the interactions between groundwater contaminants and ZVI and the authigenic minerals that form within PRBs. Our findings show that ZVI corrosion products and mineral precipitates play critical roles in the long-term performance of PRBs by influencing the reactivity of ZVI. Pore occlusion by mineral precipitates occurs at the influent side of PRBs and is enhanced by dissolved oxygen and groundwater rich in dissolved solids and high alkalinity, which negatively impacts hydraulic conductivity, allowing contaminants to potentially bypass the treatment zone. Further development of site characterization tools and models is needed to support effective PRB designs for groundwater remediation. |
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1674-9871 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ lawrinenko_long-term_2023 |
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143 |
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| Author |
Puri, S. |
| Title |
Chapter 9 – Transboundary aquifers: a shared subsurface asset, in urgent need of sound governance |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Groundwater |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
113-128 |
| Keywords |
ILC Draft Articles, impact on GDP, sound governance, Transboundary aquifers |
| Abstract |
Apart from some notable exceptions, the sound governance of transboundary aquifers (coupled or uncoupled to rivers) is seriously lacking in most regions of the world, despite a highly successful 20-year ISARM initiative. The distinction between regions of water abundance (as in the Haute Savoie–Geneva aquifers) and those of water scarcity (\textless1000 m3/an/capita), as in the Rum-Saq aquifer, ought to be a driver for the urgency in adopting sound governance. In the latter regions, however, such an urgent response faces too many hurdles (institutional, financial, and weak capacity). Climate change, one of the global megatrends (among demography, economic shift, resources stress, urbanization, and novel viruses such as COVID-19), will exacerbate the problem in the coming decade and beyond. This chapter provides an critical perspective on the status of this subsurface asset in 570 or so, domestic and transboundary aquifers of the world (self-identified by country experts), while taking full account of their interconnections, or not, with surface waters. This critical perspective will be grounded in two important factors, first the hiatus in adoption by countries of the evolving international water law and guidance on transboundary aquifers (the Draft Articles, which provide legal pathways for collaboration or eventually dispute resolution), and second the framework of the sustainable development goals (SDG) 6 (clean water and sanitation), which countries have committed themselves to with reference to transboundary waters. The critical perspective finds that despite the lack of momentum in adopting formal global norms, sporadic cooperation and collaboration is continuing and is well received, when delivered methodically through the support of international agencies. The findings of the critical perspective are that even if water-related SDGs will have been achieved across the world, it would contribute precious little to meaningful enhancement of governance of transboundary aquifers, unless they have been explicitly addressed in terms that are tangible to decision makers, such as the impact of disregarding them on the current or future national GDP. The onset of a “new socioeconomic normal” in the aftermath of COVID-19 could further defer meaningful progress, taking the example of Latin America, where a 5% decline has been forecast for 2020. With such declines in the finances of governments, attention to shared aquifer resources may well decline even further. Urgent wise reaction to this possibility must be a priority for the professional science-policy community. |
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Elsevier |
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Editor |
Mukherjee, A.; Scanlon, B.R.; Aureli, A.; Langan, S.; Guo, H.; McKenzie, A.A. |
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978-0-12-818172-0 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ mukherjee_chapter_2021 |
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106 |
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| Author |
Abiye, T. |
| Title |
Synthesis on groundwater recharge in Southern Africa: A supporting tool for groundwater users |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2-3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
182-189 |
| Keywords |
Arid and semi-arid areas, Groundwater recharge, Recharge estimation methods, Southern Africa |
| Abstract |
This synthesis on groundwater recharge targets the Southern African region as a result of the dependence of the community and economic sector on the groundwater resource. Several literature based recharge studies were collected and assessed in order to find out the main controls to the occurrence of recharge. The Water Table Fluctuation and Base flow separation methods have been tested in the catchment that drains crystalline basement rocks and dolostones close to the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. Based on the assessed data the Chloride Mass Balance method resulted in groundwater recharge of less than 4% of the rainfall, while it reaches 20%, when rainfall exceeds 600mm. For the classical water balance method, recharge proportion is less than 3% of rainfall as a result of very high ambient temperature in the region. Based on the Saturated Volume Fluctuation and Water Table Fluctuation methods, recharge could be less than 6% for annual rainfall of less than 600mm. Observational results further suggest that sporadic recharge from high intensity rainfall has important contribution to the groundwater recharge in the region, owing to the presence of permeable geological cover, which could not be fully captured by most of the recharge estimation methods. This study further documents an evaluation of the most reliable recharge estimation methods in the area such as the chloride mass balance, saturated volume fluctuation and water table fluctuation methods in order to successfully manage the groundwater resource. |
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2352-801x |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ abiye_synthesis_2016 |
Serial |
101 |
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Patel, D.; Pamidimukkala, P.; Chakraborty, D. |
| Title |
Groundwater quality evaluation of Narmada district, Gujarat using principal component analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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24 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101050 |
| Keywords |
Fluoride, Groundwater quality index, Principal component analysis, Uranium |
| Abstract |
In the present study, the ground water quality parameters were monitored during pre- and post-monsoon seasons across Narmada district, Gujarat, India. Monitoring was done in 89 drinking water samples collected by grid sampling method from the study area. Uranium and fluoride were analyzed along with associated parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, Cl−, NO3−, F−, SO42−, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids and hardness. In 4% samples the fluoride content was found to be above WHO permissible limits of 1.5 mg/L (2.36 mg/L in Undaimandava, 1.55 mg/L in Shira, 3.04 mg/L in Fatehpur and 1.83 mg/L in Dholivav) during pre-monsoon season (PRM) and 4.74 mg/L, 2.41 mg/L, 2.34 mg/L and 3.99 mg/L respectively in Bantawadi, Shira, Undai Mandava and Fatepur villages during post-monsoon (POM). The uranium level was within WHO limits in both POM and PRM seasons. The quality of the water was evaluated by Principal Component and Pearson Correlation statistical analysis techniques. The PRM and POM correlation study indicated a strong correlation of TDS with EC, Chloride, total alkalinity and bicarbonate and U while moderately strong correlation of TDS with fluoride were observed indicating that chloride, total alkalinity, bicarbonate, U and fluoride contributed to TDS and EC. Principal component analysis was applied for 14 variables, from which 3 factors were extracted during PRM and POM seasons. The extracted components, contributed 84.391% and 83.315%, to variation during PRM and POM seasons respectively. The study indicated that the analyzed water samples in Narmada district were safe for drinking purpose. However, Tilakwada tehsil groundwater was observed to be unsustainable for drinking, without further water treatment, but was appropriate for agricultural purposes. The study will help the residents of the district to understand the present water quality status and will also help in future management to protect the ground water of Narmada district. |
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2352-801x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ patel_groundwater_2024 |
Serial |
148 |
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Pham, Q.-N.; Nguyen, T.-C.; Ta, T.-T.; Tran, T.-L. |
| Title |
Comprehensive approach to sustainable groundwater management in semi-arid Ninh Thuan plain, Vietnam |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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23 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101031 |
| Keywords |
Climate change, Groundwater, Managed aquifer recharge (MAR), Modeling, Sea level rise, Seawater intrusion, Sustainable groundwater management |
| Abstract |
Vietnam is a country with a long coastline and a high population density residing in the coastal plains. The largest dry area in Vietnam, the coastal plain of Ninh Thuan province, always lacks water in the first dry months of the year (Jan., Feb., Mar., and Apr.). Groundwater is an extremely valuable resource for supplies at this time. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a comprehensive approach to sustainable groundwater management in this semi-arid region. This approach is not only mitigating the negative impacts of factors such as climate change, sea level rise, and socio-economic development but also suggesting measures for management of aquifer recharge. A groundwater model for a 3-layer system with variable density flow SEAWAT is built to predict the impacts of climate change and sea level rise without a change in groundwater abstraction. This model helps to understand the trend of salt intrusion and lowering groundwater level in the study area. Afterwards, scenarios with different ground water abstraction and groundwater development such as ground dam, infiltration basin have been set up to meet the demands of socio-economic development in the future. Predicted results will show the impacts of the groundwater systems in the area such as groundwater level change, and saltwater intrusion. Controlled groundwater abstraction and some measures of groundwater development such as infiltration basin, underground dam would allow for an increase of up to 50000m3/day in the year 2050 without negative impacts on the aquifer system. |
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2352-801x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ pham_comprehensive_2023 |
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174 |
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Tariq, A.; Beni, L.H.; Ali, S.; Adnan, S.; Hatamleh, W.A. |
| Title |
An effective geospatial-based flash flood susceptibility assessment with hydrogeomorphic responses on groundwater recharge |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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23 |
Issue |
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Pages |
100998 |
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Flood hydrology, AHP, Flood susceptibility, FR, Unit stream power, GIS |
| Abstract |
Floods are one of the most common natural disasters, resulting in the extensive destruction of infrastructure, property, and human life. The destructive potential of a flood depends on numerous factors, including the size of the flood, the rate of flooding, the time it takes for the water to move through a given area, the river’s planform and cross-section geometry, and other similar factors. The present study is a unique analysis of flood mapping that was accomplished with the help of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR), and hydrogeomorphic response to floods by integrating geospatial analysis and unit stream power modeling. The Indus catchment region of Pakistan is where the subject topic is put into practice. According to the hydrologic analysis of the yearly peak discharge, the hydro-station in Gilgit-Baltistan can move boulders measuring up to 0.5 m in height during significant flooding. On the other hand, there will be no change to the geometry of the cross-section throughout 1980–2020 in Gilgit-Baltistan. The flood susceptibility map is constructed using data from twelve influencing parameters, including elevation, proximity to the drainage network, slope, drainage density, geomorphology, rainfall, the curvature of the topography, flow accumulation, geology, land use, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and Stream Power Index (SPI). The area under the curve (AUC) approach, which demonstrates a substantial degree of accuracy (85% and 83%), is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the AHP and FR. The current study fills the gaps between the geospatial approach and the hydrogeomorphic assessment of flood to determine flood susceptibility. |
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2352-801x |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Tariq2023100998 |
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234 |
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