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Author Stone, A. url  openurl
  Title Recharge investigations above the Stampriet Aquifer in semi-arid Namibia using geochemical methods and environmental tracers; sand, salt and water Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Quaternary International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 279-280 Issue Pages (down) 470-471  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1040-6182 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ stone_recharge_2012 Serial 108  
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Author de Jong, I.J.H.; Arif, S.S.; Gollapalli, P.K.R.; Neelam, P.; Nofal, E.R.; Reddy, K.Y.; Röttcher, K.; Zohrabi, N. url  openurl
  Title Improving agricultural water productivity with a focus on rural transformation* Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Irrigation and Drainage Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages (down) 458-469  
  Keywords irrigation efficiency, water productivity, rural transformation, efficacité de l’irrigation, productivité de l’eau, transformation rurale  
  Abstract ABSTRACT As a result of population growth, economic development and climate change, feeding the world and providing water security will require important changes in the technologies, institutions, policies and incentives that drive present-day water management, as captured in Goal 6.4 of the Millennium Development Goals. Irrigation is the largest and most inefficient water user, and there is an expectation that even small improvements in agricultural water productivity will improve water security. This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them. Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter-sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost-effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields.  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2451 Serial 89  
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Author Ingham, E.S.; Cook, N.J.; Cliff, J.; Ciobanu, C.L.; Huddleston, A. url  openurl
  Title A combined chemical, isotopic and microstructural study of pyrite from roll-front uranium deposits, Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 125 Issue Pages (down) 440-465  
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  Abstract The common sulfide mineral pyrite is abundant throughout sedimentary uranium systems at Pepegoona, Pepegoona West and Pannikan, Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia. Combined chemical, isotopic and microstructural analysis of pyrite indicates variation in fluid composition, sulfur source and precipitation conditions during a protracted mineralization event. The results show the significant role played by pyrite as a metal scavenger and monitor of fluid changes in low-temperature hydrothermal systems. In-situ micrometer-scale sulfur isotope analyses of pyrite demonstrated broad-scale isotopic heterogeneity (δ34S=−43.9 to +32.4‰VCDT), indicative of complex, multi-faceted pyrite evolution, and sulfur derived from more than a single source. Preserved textures support this assertion and indicate a genetic model involving more than one phase of pyrite formation. Authigenic pyrite underwent prolonged evolution and recrystallization, evidenced by a genetic relationship between archetypal framboidal aggregates and pyrite euhedra. Secondary hydrothermal pyrite commonly displays hyper-enrichment of several trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Sb, W and Tl) in ore-bearing horizons. Hydrothermal fluids of magmatic and meteoric origins supplied metals to the system but the geochemical signature of pyrite suggests a dominantly granitic source and also the influence of mafic rock types. Irregular variation in δ34S, coupled with oscillatory trace element zonation in secondary pyrite, is interpreted in terms of continuous variations in fluid composition and cycles of diagenetic recrystallization. A late-stage oxidizing fluid may have mobilized selenium from pre-existing pyrite. Subsequent restoration of reduced conditions within the aquifer caused ongoing pyrite re-crystallization and precipitation of selenium as native selenium. These results provide the first qualitative constraints on the formation mechanisms of the uranium deposits at Beverley North. Insights into depositional conditions and sources of both sulfide and uranium mineralization and an improved understanding of pyrite geochemistry can also underpin an effective vector for uranium exploration at Beverley North and other sedimentary systems of the Lake Eyre Basin, as well as in comparable geological environments elsewhere.  
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  ISSN 0016-7037 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ ingham_combined_2014 Serial 188  
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Author Haque, N.; Norgate, T. url  openurl
  Title The greenhouse gas footprint of in-situ leaching of uranium, gold and copper in Australia Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Cleaner Production Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 84 Issue Pages (down) 382-390  
  Keywords Copper, GHG emission, Gold, In-situ leaching, LCA, Uranium  
  Abstract In-situ leaching (ISL) is a chemical method for recovering useful minerals and metals directly from underground ore bodies which is also referred to as ‘solution mining’. ISL is commonly used for uranium mining, accounting for about 45% of global production. The main benefits are claimed to be a lower environmental impact in terms of visual disturbances, emissions, lower energy use, cost compared with conventional open-cut or underground mining methods, and potential utilisation of lower grade resources. However, there is a lack of reported studies on the assessment of the environmental impacts of ISL, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The SimaPro LCA software was used to estimate the GHG footprint of the ISL of uranium, gold and copper. The total GHG emissions were estimated to be 38.0 kg CO2-e/kg U3O8 concentrate (yellowcake), 29 t CO2-e/kg gold, and 4.78 kg CO2-e/kg Cu. The GHG footprint of ISL uranium was significantly lower than that of conventional mining, however, the footprints of copper and gold were not much less compared with conventional mining methods. This is due to the lower ore grade of ISL deposits and recovery compared with high ore grades and recovery of conventional technology. Additionally, the use of large amount of electricity for pumping in case of ISL contributes to this result. The electricity consumed in pumping leaching solutions was by far the greatest contributor to the well-field related activities associated with ISL of uranium, gold and copper. The main strategy to reduce the GHG footprint of ISL mining should be to use electricity derived from low emission sources. In particular, renewable sources such as solar would be suitable for ISL as these operations are typically in remote locations with smaller deposits compared with conventional mining sites.  
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  ISSN 0959-6526 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ haque_greenhouse_2014 Serial 208  
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Author Jaireth, S.; Roach, I.C.; Bastrakov, E.; Liu, S. url  openurl
  Title Basin-related uranium mineral systems in Australia: A review of critical features Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Ore Geology Reviews Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages (down) 360-394  
  Keywords Australia’s uranium deposits, Calcrete-uranium, Sandstone-hosted uranium, Unconformity-related uranium  
  Abstract This paper reviews critical features of basin-related uranium mineral systems in Australia. These mineral systems include Proterozoic unconformity-related uranium systems formed predominantly from diagenetic fluids expelled from sandstones overlying the unconformity, sandstone-hosted uranium systems formed from the influx of oxidised groundwaters through sandstone aquifers, and calcrete uranium systems formed from oxidised groundwaters flowing through palaeochannel aquifers (sand and calcrete). The review uses the so-called ‘source-pathway-trap’ paradigm to summarise critical features of fertile mineral systems. However, the scheme is expanded to include information on the geological setting, age and relative timing of mineralisation, and preservation of mineral systems. The critical features are also summarised in three separate tables. These features can provide the basis to conduct mineral potential and prospectivity analysis in an area. Such analysis requires identification of mappable signatures of above-mentioned critical features in geological, geophysical and geochemical datasets. The review of fertile basin-related systems shows that these systems require the presence of at least four ingredients: a source of leachable uranium (and vanadium and potassium for calcrete-uranium deposits); suitable hydrological architecture enabling connection between the source and the sink (site of accumulation); physical and chemical sinks or traps; and a post-mineralisation setting favourable for preservation. The review also discusses factors that may control the efficiency of mineral systems, assuming that world-class deposits result from more efficient mineral systems. The review presents a brief discussion of factors which may have controlled the formation of large deposits in the Lake Frome region in South Australia, the Chu-Sarysu and Syrdarya Basins in Kazakhstan and calcrete uranium deposits in the Yilgarn region, Western Australia.  
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  ISSN 0169-1368 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ jaireth_basin-related_2016 Serial 139  
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Author Khaneiki, M.L.; Al-Ghafri, A.S.; Klöve, B.; Haghighi, A.T. url  openurl
  Title Sustainability and virtual water: The lessons of history Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Geography and Sustainability Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue 4 Pages (down) 358-365  
  Keywords Proto-industrialization, Water scarcity, Non-hydraulic polity, Virtual water, Political economy  
  Abstract This article aims to show that virtual water has historically been an adaptation strategy that enabled some arid regions to develop a prosperous economy without putting pressure on their scarce water resources. Virtual water is referred to as the total amount of water that is consumed to produce goods and services. As an example, in arid central Iran, the deficiency in agricultural revenues was offset by more investment in local industries that enjoyed a perennial capacity to employ more workers. The revenues of local industries weaned the population from irrigated agriculture, since most of their raw materials and also food stuff were imported from other regions, bringing a remarkable amount of virtual water. This virtual water not only sustained the region’s inhabitants, but also set the stage for a powerful polity in the face of a rapid population growth between the 13th and 15th centuries AD. The resultant surplus products entailed a vast and safe network of roads, provided by both entrepreneurs and government. Therefore, it became possible to import more feedstock such as cocoons from water-abundant regions and then export silk textiles with considerable value-added. This article concludes that a similar model of virtual water can remedy the ongoing water crisis in central Iran, where groundwater reserves are overexploited, and many rural and urban centers are teetering on the edge of socio-ecological collapse. History holds an urgent lesson on sustainability for our today’s policy that stubbornly peruses agriculture and other high-water-demand sectors in an arid region whose development has always been dependent on virtual water.  
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  ISSN 2666-6839 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Khaneiki2022358 Serial 272  
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Author Priestley, S.C.; Payne, T.E.; Harrison, J.J.; Post, V.E.A.; Shand, P.; Love, A.J.; Wohling, D.L. url  openurl
  Title Use of U-isotopes in exploring groundwater flow and inter-aquifer leakage in the south-western margin of the Great Artesian Basin and Arckaringa Basin, central Australia Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Applied Geochemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 98 Issue Pages (down) 331-344  
  Keywords Activity ratios, Central Australia, Great Artesian Basin, Hydrogeology, Sequential extraction, Uranium isotopes  
  Abstract The distribution of uranium isotopes (238U and 234U) in groundwaters of the south-western margin of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB), Australia, and underlying Arckaringa Basin were examined using groundwater samples and a sequential extraction of aquifer sediments. Rock weathering, the geochemical environment and α-recoil of daughter products control the 238U and 234U isotope distributions giving rise to large spatial variations. Generally, the shallowest aquifer (J aquifer) contains groundwater with higher 238U activity concentrations and 234U/238U activity ratios close to secular equilibrium. However, the source input of uranium is spatially variable as intermittent recharge from ephemeral rivers passes through rocks that have already undergone extensive weathering and contain low 238U activity concentrations. Other locations in the J aquifer that receive little or no recharge contain higher 238U activity concentrations because uranium from localised uranium-rich rocks have been leached into solution and the geochemical environment allows the uranium to be kept in solution. The geochemical conditions of the deeper aquifers generally result in lower 238U activity concentrations in the groundwater accompanied by higher 234U/238U activity ratios. The sequential extraction of aquifer sediments showed that α-recoil of 234U from the solid mineral phases into the groundwater, rather than dissolution of, or exchange with the groundwater accessible minerals in the aquifer, caused enrichment of groundwater 234U/238U activity ratios in the Boorthanna Formation. Decay of 238U in uranium-rich coatings on J aquifer sediments caused resistant phase 234U/238U activity ratio enrichment. The groundwater 234U/238U activity ratio is dependent on groundwater residence time or flow rate, depending on the flow path trajectory. Thus, uranium isotope variations confirmed earlier groundwater flow interpretations based on other tracers; however, spatial heterogeneity, and the lack of clear regional correlations, made it difficult to identify recharge and inter-aquifer leakage.  
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  ISSN 0883-2927 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ priestley_use_2018 Serial 115  
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Author Orloff, K.G.; Mistry, K.; Charp, P.; Metcalf, S.; Marino, R.; Shelly, T.; Melaro, E.; Donohoe, A.M.; Jones, R.L. url  openurl
  Title Human exposure to uranium in groundwater Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Environmental Research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages (down) 319-326  
  Keywords Groundwater, Human exposure, Uranium, Urine  
  Abstract High concentrations of uranium (mean=620μg/L) were detected in water samples collected from private wells in a residential community. Based on isotopic analyses, the source of the uranium contamination appeared to be from naturally occurring geological deposits. In homes where well water concentrations of uranium exceeded the drinking water standard, the residents were advised to use an alternate water source for potable purposes. Several months after the residents had stopped drinking the water, urine samples were collected and tested for uranium. Elevated concentrations of uranium (mean=0.40μg/g creatinine) were detected in urine samples, and 85 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of a national reference population. Urine uranium concentrations were positively correlated with water uranium concentrations, but not with the participants’ ages or how long they had been drinking the water. Six months later, a second urine sample was collected and tested for uranium. Urine uranium concentrations decreased in most (63 percent) of the people. In those people with the highest initial urine uranium concentrations, the urine levels decreased an average of 78 percent. However, urine uranium concentrations remained elevated (mean=0.27μg/g), and 87 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of the reference population. The results of this investigation demonstrated that after long-term ingestion of uranium in drinking water, elevated concentrations of uranium in urine could be detected up to 10 months after exposure had stopped.  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ orloff_human_2004 Serial 136  
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Author Frumkin, A.; Gvirtzman, H. url  openurl
  Title Cross-formational rising groundwater at an artesian karstic basin: the Ayalon Saline Anomaly, Israel Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of Hydrology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 318 Issue 1 Pages (down) 316-333  
  Keywords Confined karst, Groundwater, HS, Maze caves, Rising water, Yarkon–Taninim aquifer  
  Abstract It is proposed that a geothermal artesian karstic system at the central part of the Yarkon–Taninim aquifer creates the ‘Ayalon Saline Anomaly’ (ASA), whose mechanism has been under debate for several decades. A 4-year-long detailed groundwater monitoring was carried out at 68 new shallow boreholes in the Ayalon region, accompanied by a comprehensive survey of karstic voids. Results indicate the rising of warm-brackish groundwater through highly permeable swarms of karstic shafts, serving as an outflow of the artesian geothermal system. The ASA area contains ‘hot spots’, where groundwater contrasts with ‘normal’ water hundreds of meters away. The ASA temperature reaches 30°C (∼5°C warmer than its surroundings), chloride concentration reaches 528mg/l (50–100mg/l in the surrounding), H2S concentration reaches 5.6mg/l (zero all around) and pH value is 7.0 (compared with 7.8 around). Subsequently, the hydrothermal water flows laterally of at the watertable horizon through horizontal conduits, mixing with ‘normal’ fresh water which had circulated at shallow depth. Following rainy seasons, maximal watertable rise is observed in the ASA compared to its surroundings. Regional hydrogeology considerations suggest that the replenishment area for the ASA water is at the Samaria Mountains, east of the ASA. The water circulates to a great depth while flowing westward, and a cross-formational upward flow is then favored close the upper sub-aquifer’s confinement border.  
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  ISSN 0022-1694 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ frumkin_cross-formational_2006 Serial 117  
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Author Gómez, P.; Garralón, A.; Buil, B.; Turrero, M.J.; Sánchez, L.; Cruz, B. de la url  openurl
  Title Modeling of geochemical processes related to uranium mobilization in the groundwater of a uranium mine Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Science of The Total Environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 366 Issue 1 Pages (down) 295-309  
  Keywords Geochemical modeling, Granite, Groundwater, Uranium mine, Uranium retention  
  Abstract This paper describes the processes leading to uranium distribution in the groundwater of five boreholes near a restored uranium mine (dug in granite), and the environmental impact of restoration work in the discharge area. The groundwater uranium content varied from \textless1 μg/L in reduced water far from the area of influence of the uranium ore-containing dyke, to 104 μg/L in a borehole hydraulically connected to the mine. These values, however, fail to reflect a chemical equilibrium between the water and the pure mineral phases. A model for the mobilization of uranium in this groundwater is therefore proposed. This involves the percolation of oxidized waters through the fractured granite, leading to the oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite and the precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides. This in turn leads to the dissolution of the primary pitchblende and, subsequently, the release of U(VI) species to the groundwater. These U(VI) species are retained by iron hydroxides. Secondary uranium species are eventually formed as reducing conditions are re-established due to water–rock interactions.  
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  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ gomez_modeling_2006 Serial 162  
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