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Author |
Lartigue, J.E.; Charrasse, B.; Reile, B.; Descostes, M. |
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Title |
Aqueous inorganic uranium speciation in European stream waters from the FOREGS dataset using geochemical modelling and determination of a U bioavailability baseline |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication  |
Chemosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
251 |
Issue |
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Pages |
126302 |
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Keywords |
Bioavailable fraction, Geochemical mapping / baseline, Modelling, Speciation, Stream water, Uranium |
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Abstract |
The concentration of the bioavailable uranium fraction (Ubio) at the European scale was deduced by geochemical modelling considering several definitions found in the literature and the FOREGS European stream waters geochemical atlas dataset to produce a Ubio baseline. A sensitivity analysis was performed using three thermodynamic databases. We also investigated the link between total dissolved uranium (Uaq) concentrations, speciation and global stream water chemistry on the one hand, and the lithology and ages of the surrounding rocks on the other. The more U-enriched the stream sediments or rock type contexts are, which tends to be the case with rocks containing silicates (4.1 mg/kg), the less U-concentrated the stream waters are (0.15 μg/L). Sedimentary rocks lead to slightly higher Uaq concentrations (0.34 μg/L) even if the concentration in sediment (Used) is relatively low (1.6 mg/kg). This trend is reversed for Ubio, with higher concentrations in a crystalline context. The mean estimated Ubio value ranges from 1.5.10−3 to 65.3 ng/L and can fluctuate by 3 orders of magnitude depending on the considered definition as opposed to by 2 orders of magnitude accountable to differences between thermodynamic databases. The classification of the water in relation to the two surrounding rock lithologies makes it possible to reduce the mean variability for the Ubio concentrations. Irrespective of the definition of Ubio considered, in 59% of cases the Ubio fraction represents less than 1% of Uaq. Several threshold values relating to Ubio were proposed, assuming knowledge only of the aqueous concentrations of the major elements and Uaq. |
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0045-6535 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ lartigue_aqueous_2020 |
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141 |
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Veerasamy, N.; Kasar, S.; Murugan, R.; Inoue, K.; Natarajan, T.; Ramola, R.C.; Fukushi, M.; Sahoo, S.K. |
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Title |
234U/238U disequilibrium and 235U/238U ratios measured using MC-ICP-MS in natural high background radiation area soils to understand the fate of uranium |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Chemosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
323 |
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Pages |
138217 |
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Keywords |
HBRA, MC-ICP-MS, Monazites, U/U, Uranium |
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Abstract |
The Chhatrapur-Gopalpur coastal area in Odisha, India is a well-known natural high background radiation (HBRA) area due to the abundance of monazite (a thorium bearing radioactive mineral) in beach sands and soils. Recent studies on Chhatrapur-Gopalpur HBRA groundwater have reported high concentrations of uranium and its decay products. Therefore, the soils of the Chhatrapur-Gopalpur HBRA are reasonably suspected as the sources of these high uranium concentrations in groundwater. In this report, first the uranium concentrations in soil samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and they were found to range from 0.61 ± 0.01 to 38.59 ± 0.16 mg kg−１. Next, the 234U/238U and 235U/238U isotope ratios were measured to establish a baseline for the first time in Chhatrapur-Gopalpur HBRA soil. Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) was used for measurement of these isotope ratios. The 235U/238U ratio was observed to be the normal terrestrial value. The 234U/238U activity ratio, was calculated to understand the secular equilibrium between 234U and 238U in soil and it varied from 0.959 to 1.070. To understand the dynamics of uranium in HBRA soil, physico-chemical characteristics of soil were correlated with uranium isotope ratios and this correlation of 234U/238U activity ratio indicated the leaching of 234U from Odisha HBRA soil. |
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0045-6535 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ veerasamy_234u238u_2023 |
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149 |
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Kumar, V.; Setia, R.; Pandita, S.; Singh, S.; Mitran, T. |
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Title |
Assessment of U and As in groundwater of India: A meta-analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Chemosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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303 |
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Pages |
135199 |
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Keywords |
Arsenic, Geology, Groundwater, Health risk, Soil texture, Uranium |
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Abstract |
More than 2.5 billion people depend upon groundwater worldwide for drinking, and giving quality water has become one of the great apprehensions of human culture. The contamination of Uranium (U) and Arsenic (As) in the groundwater of India is gaining global attention. The current review provides state-of-the-art groundwater contamination with U and As in different zones of India based on geology and soil texture. The average concentration of U in different zones of India was in the order: West Zone (41.07 μg/L) \textgreater North Zone (37.7 μg/L) \textgreater South Zone (13.5 μg/L)\textgreater Central Zone (7.4 μg/L) \textgreater East Zone (5.7 μg/L) \textgreaterSoutheast Zone (2.4 μg/L). The average concentration of As in groundwater of India is in the order: South Zone (369.7 μg/L)\textgreaterCentral Zone (260.4 μg/L)\textgreaterNorth Zone (67.7 μg/L)\textgreaterEast Zone (60.3 μg/L)\textgreaterNorth-east zone (9.78 μg/L)\textgreaterWest zone (4.14 μg/L). The highest concentration of U and As were found in quaternary sediments, but U in clay skeletal and As in loamy skeletal. Results of health risk assessment showed that the average health quotient of U in groundwater for children and adults was less than unity. In contrast, it was greater than unity for As posing a harmful impact on human health. This review provides the baseline data regarding the U and As contamination status in groundwater of India, and appropriate, effective control measures need to be taken to control this problem. |
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0045-6535 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ kumar_assessment_2022 |
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161 |
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Klimkova, S.; Cernik, M.; Lacinova, L.; Filip, J.; Jancik, D.; Zboril, R. |
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Title |
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles in treatment of acid mine water from in situ uranium leaching |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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82 |
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8 |
Pages |
1178-1184 |
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Keywords |
Acid mine water, Contaminant removal, Surface stabilizing shell, Water treatment, Zero-valent iron nanoparticles |
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Abstract |
Acid mine water from in situ chemical leaching of uranium (Straz pod Ralskem, Czech Republic) was treated in laboratory scale experiments by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI). For the first time, nZVI were applied for the treatment of the real acid water system containing the miscellaneous mixture of pollutants, where the various removal mechanisms occur simultaneously. Toxicity of the treated saline acid water is caused by major contaminants represented by aluminum and sulphates in a high concentration, as well as by microcontaminants like As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, U, V, and Zn. Laboratory batch experiments proved a significant decrease in concentrations of all the monitored pollutants due to an increase in pH and a decrease in oxidation–reduction potential related to an application of nZVI. The assumed mechanisms of contaminants removal include precipitation of cations in a lower oxidation state, precipitation caused by a simple pH increase and co-precipitation with the formed iron oxyhydroxides. The possibility to control the reaction kinetics through the nature of the surface stabilizing shell (polymer vs. FeO nanolayer) is discussed as an important practical aspect. |
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0045-6535 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ klimkova_zero-valent_2011 |
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196 |
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Emparanza, A.R.; Kampmann, R.; Caso, F.D.; Morales, C.; Nanni, A. |
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Title |
Durability assessment of GFRP rebars in marine environments |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Construction and Building Materials |
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329 |
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Pages |
127028 |
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Composite FRP rebar, Durability, Service life, Marine structures, Reinforced concrete |
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Technologies developed over the last two decades have facilitated the use of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars as internal reinforcement for concrete structures, specially in coastal environments, mainly due to their corrosion resistance. To-date, most durability studies have focused on a single mechanical parameter (tensile strength) and a single aging environment (exposure to high alkalinity). However, knowledge gaps exists in understanding how other mechanical parameters and relevant conditioning environments may affect the durability of GFRP bars. To this end, this study assesses the durability for different physio-mechanical properties of GFRP rebars, post exposure to accelerated conditioning in seawater. Six different GFRP rebar types were submerged in seawater tanks, at various temperatures (23°C, 40°C and 60°C) for different time periods (60, 120, 210 and 365 days). In total six different physio-mechanical properties were assessed, including: tensile strength, E-modulus, transverse and horizontal shear strength, micro-structural composition and lastly, bond strength. It was inferred that rebars with high moisture absorption resulted in poor durability, in that it affected mainly the tensile strength. Based on the Arrhenius model, at 23°C all the rebars that met the acceptance criteria by ASTM D7957 are expected to retain 85% of the tensile strength capacity. |
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0950-0618 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Ruizemparanza2022127028 |
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83 |
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Author |
Li, J.; Pang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Hu, S.; Jiang, W.; Tian, L.; Yang, G.; Jiang, Y.; Jiao, X.; Tian, J. |
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Title |
Changes in groundwater dynamics and geochemical evolution induced by drainage reorganization: Evidence from 81Kr and 36Cl dating of geothermal water in the Weihe Basin of China |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
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623 |
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118425 |
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Kr dating, Cl dating, Geothermal water, Groundwater dynamics, Weihe basin |
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81Kr and 36Cl can both be used to date groundwater beyond the dating range of 14C. 81Kr usually provides reliable groundwater ages because it has uniform initial distribution and negligible subsurface generation, while 36Cl is commonly influenced by subsurface sources or “dead” chloride dissolution. Therefore, the combined use of 81Kr and 36Cl could provide clues on the evolution history of groundwater. In the present study, we performed 36Cl and 81Kr dating of geothermal water in Weihe Basin of China and interpreted the possible cause of disagreement. Two distinct water masses were identified with distinctive isotopic signals: groundwater with significant δ18O shifts (up to −2.0‰), dissolved dead Cl and ages < 1.0 Ma (Cluster A), and older water with little δ18O shifts, negligible dissolved Cl and ages >1.0 Ma (Cluster B). The results confirm the eastward flow path of Cluster B to the Ancient Sanmen Lake with an increasing trend of Cl concentration and age. Modern recharge from the mountains flows to the basin center with intense interaction between water and carbonate under respective reservoir temperatures (100 ∼ 130 °C). These waters flow through the saline stratum emerging from the spillover of the Ancient Sanmen Lake, resulting in higher dead Cl dissolution. A significant linear relationship is observed with the older end-member of ∼1.3Ma under the topographically-driven faster circulation effect. 81Kr ages seem to support the hypothesis that the birth of the modern Yellow River was at about 1.0–1.3 Ma. We inferred the drainage reorganization from the Ancient Sanmen Lake to the modern Yellow River since the Mid-Pleistocene Transition induced the change in groundwater dynamics as well as its chemical evolution. The excavation of the Ancient Sanmen Lake and the accentuated incision of the Weihe River induced groundwater gradient, and therefore the recharge from precipitation from both slopes of the Qinling Mountains in the south and the Beishan Mountains in the north. Our results highlight the effects of dead Cl on 36Cl dating and demonstrate the significant impact of catchment reorganization on groundwater dynamics and its chemistry. |
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0012-821x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Li2023118425 |
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212 |
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Chase, B.M.; Meadows, M.E. |
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Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa’s winter rainfall zone |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Earth-Science Reviews |
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84 |
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3 |
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103-138 |
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Last Glacial Maximum, palaeoenvironment, Quaternary, southern Africa, westerlies, winter rainfall zone |
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Variations in the nature and extent of southern Africa’s winter rainfall zone (WRZ) have the potential to provide important information concerning the nature of long-term climate change at both regional and hemispheric scales. Positioned at the interface between tropical and temperate systems, southern Africa’s climate is influenced by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the westerlies, and the development and position of continental and oceanic anticyclones. Over the last glacial–interglacial cycle substantial changes in the amount and seasonality of precipitation across the subcontinent have been linked to the relative dominance of these systems. Central to this discussion has been the extent to which the region’s glacial climates would have been affected by expansions of Antarctic sea-ice, equatorward migrations of the westerlies, more frequent/intense winter storms and an expanded WRZ. This paper reviews the developing body of evidence pertaining to shifts in the WRZ, and the evolution of ideas that have been presented to explain the patterns observed. Dividing the region into three separate axes, along the western and southern margins of the continent and across the interior into the Karoo and the Kalahari, a range of evidence from both terrestrial sites and marine cores is considered, and potential expansions of the WRZ expansions are explored. Despite the limitations of many of the region’s proxy records, a coherent pattern has begun to develop of a significantly expanded WRZ during phases of the last glacial period, with the best-documented being between 32–17 ka. While more detailed inferences will require the recovery and analysis of longer and better-dated records, this synthesis provides a new baseline for further research in this key region. |
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0012-8252 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ chase_late_2007 |
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102 |
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Mekuria, W.; Tegegne, D. |
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Water harvesting |
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2023 |
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Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Second Edition) |
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593-607 |
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Climate change, Ecosystem services, Environmental benefits, Population growth, Resilient community, Resilient environment, Socio-economic benefits, Urbanizations, Water harvesting, Water quality, Water security |
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Water harvesting is the intentional collection and concentration of rainwater and runoff to offset irrigation demands. Secondary benefits include decreased flood and erosion risk. Water harvesting techniques include micro- and macro-catchment systems, floodwater harvesting, and rooftop and groundwater harvesting. The techniques vary with catchment type and size, and the method of water storage. Micro-catchment water harvesting, for example, requires the development of small structures and targets increased water delivery and storage to the root zone whereas macro-catchment systems collect runoff water from large areas. The sustainability of water harvesting techniques at the local level are usually constrained by several factors such as labor, construction costs, loss of productive land, and maintenance, suggesting that multiple solutions are required to sustain the benefits of water harvesting techniques. |
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Academic Press |
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Oxford |
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Goss, M.J.; Oliver, M. |
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978-0-323-95133-3 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mekuria2023593 |
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225 |
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Mekuria, W.; Tegegne, D. |
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Water harvesting |
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2023 |
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Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Second Edition) |
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593-607 |
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Climate change, Ecosystem services, Environmental benefits, Population growth, Resilient community, Resilient environment, Socio-economic benefits, Urbanizations, Water harvesting, Water quality, Water security |
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Water harvesting is the intentional collection and concentration of rainwater and runoff to offset irrigation demands. Secondary benefits include decreased flood and erosion risk. Water harvesting techniques include micro- and macro-catchment systems, floodwater harvesting, and rooftop and groundwater harvesting. The techniques vary with catchment type and size, and the method of water storage. Micro-catchment water harvesting, for example, requires the development of small structures and targets increased water delivery and storage to the root zone whereas macro-catchment systems collect runoff water from large areas. The sustainability of water harvesting techniques at the local level are usually constrained by several factors such as labor, construction costs, loss of productive land, and maintenance, suggesting that multiple solutions are required to sustain the benefits of water harvesting techniques. |
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Academic Press |
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Oxford |
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Goss, M.J.; Oliver, M. |
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978-0-323-95133-3 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mekuria2023593 |
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265 |
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Author |
Singh, A.; Patel, S.; Bhadani, V.; Kumar, V.; Gaurav, K. |
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Title |
AutoML-GWL: Automated machine learning model for the prediction of groundwater level |
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Journal Article |
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2024 |
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Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence |
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127 |
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107405 |
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AutoML, Bayesian optimisation, Groundwater, Machine learning |
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Predicting groundwater levels is pivotal in curbing overexploitation and ensuring effective water resource governance. However, groundwater level prediction is intricate, driven by dynamic nonlinear factors. To comprehend the dynamic interaction among these drivers, leveraging machine learning models can provide valuable insights. The drastic increase in computational capabilities has catalysed a substantial surge in the utilisation of machine learning-based solutions for effective groundwater management. The performance of these models highly depends on the selection of hyperparameters. The optimisation of hyperparameters is a complex process that often requires application-specific expertise for a skillful prediction. To mitigate the challenge posed by hyperparameter tuning’s problem-specific nature, we present an innovative approach by introducing the automated machine learning (AutoML-GWL) framework. This framework is specifically designed for precise groundwater level mapping. It seamlessly integrates the selection of best machine learning model and adeptly fine-tunes its hyperparameters by using Bayesian optimisation. We used long time series (1997-2018) data of precipitation, temperature, evaporation, soil type, relative humidity, and lag of groundwater level as input features to train the AutoML-GWL model while considering the influence of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) as a contextual factor. Among these input features, the lag of groundwater level emerged as the most relevant input feature. Once the model is trained, it performs well over the unseen data with a strong correlation of coefficient (R = 0.90), low root mean square error (RMSE = 1.22), and minimal bias = 0.23. Further, we compared the performance of the proposed AutoML-GWL with sixteen benchmark algorithms comprising baseline and novel algorithms. The AutoML-GWL outperforms all the benchmark algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm ranked first in Friedman’s statistical test, confirming its reliability. Moreover, we conducted a spatial distribution and uncertainty analysis for the proposed algorithm. The outcomes of this analysis affirmed that the AutoML-GWL can effectively manage data with spatial variations and demonstrates remarkable stability when faced with small uncertainties in the input parameters. This study holds significant promise in revolutionising groundwater management practices by establishing an automated framework for simulating groundwater levels for sustainable water resource management. |
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0952-1976 |
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Area |
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Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ singh_automl-gwl_2024 |
Serial |
168 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
