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Author Robin, V.; Beaufort, D.; Tertre, E.; Reinholdt, M.; Fromaget, M.; Forestier, S.; Boissezon, H. de; Descostes, M. url  openurl
  Title Fate of dioctahedral smectites in uranium roll front deposits exploited by acidic In Situ Recovery (ISR) solutions Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Applied Clay Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 187 Issue Pages 105484  
  Keywords Dissolution, In situ recovery, Ion exchange, Post mining, Remediation, Smectite  
  Abstract (up) In Situ Recovery (ISR) is the most important process of uranium production in the world (50%). It consists of an injection of a leaching solution into a permeable mineralized aquifer (sandstone), pumping of the solution after dissolution of the ore minerals and recovery of the uranium from the pregnant solution in a surface plant. In this context, the fate of swelling clay minerals such as smectites is of main importance due to their role in the mobility of cationic elements by diverse geochemical processes such as ion-exchange reactions or dissolution. The present study details analysis of dioctahedral smectites before and after in-situ leaching by acidic (H2SO4) ISR solutions. Samples were collected from two sedimentary basins hosting some of the main uranium roll front deposits exploited by acidic ISR (Tortkuduk deposit, Shu-Saryssu basin, Kazakhstan, and Dulaan Uul and Zoovch Ovoo deposits, Sainshand basin, Mongolia). Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction analysis revealed that dioctahedral smectite is a ubiquitous mineral in all analyzed samples, before and after acidification, and revealed a difference of crystal chemistry of the smectites between deposits of Kazakhstan (beidellite type) and Mongolia (montmorillonite type). Chemical analysis and semi-quantification of the smectites before and after acidification also revealed a difference in chemical reactivity, with a higher dissolution of montmorillonite layers compared to beidellite ones, and the importance of ion-exchange reactions. These findings are consistent with literature data obtained on model systems. The persistence of dioctahedral smectites after several years of acidification is crucial for the understanding of geochemical processes during uranium production or remediation of the aquifers. Finally, based on the analysis of samples from U-deposits hosted in both sedimentary basins, a schematic model of the impact of acid solutions on dioctahedral smectite was proposed.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-1317 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ robin_fate_2020 Serial 179  
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Author Schwiede, M.; Duijnisveld, W.H.M.; Böttcher, J. url  openurl
  Title Investigation of processes leading to nitrate enrichment in soils in the Kalahari Region, Botswana Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 712-716  
  Keywords Nitrate, Arenosol soils, Semi-arid, Kalahari, Cattle, Chloride, Travel time  
  Abstract (up) In Southern Africa elevated nitrate concentrations are observed in mostly uninhabited semi-arid areas. In the Kalahari of Botswana groundwater locally exhibits concentrations up to 600mg/l. It is assumed, that nitrate found in the groundwater originates mainly from nitrogen input and transformations in the soils. Our investigations in the Kalahari between Serowe and Orapa show that cattle raising is an important source for enhanced nitrate concentrations in the soils (Arenosols). But also in termite mounds very high nitrate stocks were found, and under natural vegetation (acacia trees and shrubs) nitrate concentrations were mostly unexpectedly high. This nitrate enrichment in the soils poses a serious threat to the groundwater quality. However, calculated soil water age distributions in the unsaturated zone clearly show that today’s nitrate pollution of the groundwater below the investigation area could originate from natural sources, but cannot be caused by the current land use for cattle raising.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1474-7065 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and the Millennium Development Goals: Managing Water for Peace and Prosperity Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Schwiede2005712 Serial 276  
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Author Hu, K.; Wang, Q.; Tao, G.; Wang, A.; Ding, D. url  openurl
  Title Experimental Study on Restoration of Polluted Groundwater from in Situ Leaching Uranium Mining with Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and ZVI-SRB Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Procedia Earth and Planetary Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 150-155  
  Keywords In situ leaching of uranium, nitrate radical, sulfate radical, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB), Zero Valent Iron (ZVI)  
  Abstract (up) In the case of in situ leaching of uranium, the primitive geochemical environment for groundwater is changed since leachant is injected into the water beaving uranium deposit. This increases the concentration of uranium and results in the groundwater contamination.Microbial reduction technology by Sulfate reducing bacteria and Zero Valent Iron were employed to treat uranium wastewater. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of anion (sulfate and nitrate) on dealing with uranium wastewater. Experimental results show that the utilization of both SRB system and ZVI – SRB system to process uranium wastewater is affected by sulfate ion and nitrate ion. As the concentration of sulfate radical is lower than 4000mg/L, sulfate-reducing bacteria has no influence on precipitated uranium. However, as the concentration of sulfate is more than 6,000mg/L, uranium removal rate decreases significantly, from 80% to 14.1%. When adding sulfate radical on ZVI – SRB system to process uranium wastewater, its uranium removal rate is higher than SRB system. Low concentration of nitrate contributes to reduction metabolism of SRB. High concentration of nitrate inhibits the growth and metabolism of SRB and affects the treatment efficiency of uranium wastewater. When the concentration of nitrate reaches 1500mg/L, uranium removal rate is less than 0.1%. Nevertheless, as the concentration of nitrate is lower than 1000mg/L, uranium removal rate could reach more than 75%. As existence of nitrate radical, uranium removal rate of SRB by adding ZVI is higher than that without adding.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1878-5220 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ hu_experimental_2011 Serial 202  
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Author Patel, D.; Pamidimukkala, P.; Chakraborty, D. url  openurl
  Title Groundwater quality evaluation of Narmada district, Gujarat using principal component analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Groundwater for Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue Pages 101050  
  Keywords Fluoride, Groundwater quality index, Principal component analysis, Uranium  
  Abstract (up) In the present study, the ground water quality parameters were monitored during pre- and post-monsoon seasons across Narmada district, Gujarat, India. Monitoring was done in 89 drinking water samples collected by grid sampling method from the study area. Uranium and fluoride were analyzed along with associated parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, Cl−, NO3−, F−, SO42−, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids and hardness. In 4% samples the fluoride content was found to be above WHO permissible limits of 1.5 mg/L (2.36 mg/L in Undaimandava, 1.55 mg/L in Shira, 3.04 mg/L in Fatehpur and 1.83 mg/L in Dholivav) during pre-monsoon season (PRM) and 4.74 mg/L, 2.41 mg/L, 2.34 mg/L and 3.99 mg/L respectively in Bantawadi, Shira, Undai Mandava and Fatepur villages during post-monsoon (POM). The uranium level was within WHO limits in both POM and PRM seasons. The quality of the water was evaluated by Principal Component and Pearson Correlation statistical analysis techniques. The PRM and POM correlation study indicated a strong correlation of TDS with EC, Chloride, total alkalinity and bicarbonate and U while moderately strong correlation of TDS with fluoride were observed indicating that chloride, total alkalinity, bicarbonate, U and fluoride contributed to TDS and EC. Principal component analysis was applied for 14 variables, from which 3 factors were extracted during PRM and POM seasons. The extracted components, contributed 84.391% and 83.315%, to variation during PRM and POM seasons respectively. The study indicated that the analyzed water samples in Narmada district were safe for drinking purpose. However, Tilakwada tehsil groundwater was observed to be unsustainable for drinking, without further water treatment, but was appropriate for agricultural purposes. The study will help the residents of the district to understand the present water quality status and will also help in future management to protect the ground water of Narmada district.  
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  ISSN 2352-801x ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ patel_groundwater_2024 Serial 148  
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Author Tisherman, R.A.; Rossi, R.J.; Shonkoff, S.B.C.; DiGiulio, D.C. url  openurl
  Title Groundwater uranium contamination from produced water disposal to unlined ponds in the San Joaquin Valley Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Science of The Total Environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 904 Issue Pages 166937  
  Keywords Groundwater, Oil & gas, Produced water, San Joaquin Valley, Uranium  
  Abstract (up) In the southern San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California, an agriculturally productive region that relies on groundwater for irrigation and domestic water supply, the infiltration of produced water from oil reservoirs is known to impact groundwater due to percolation from unlined disposal ponds. However, previously documented impacts almost exclusively focus on salinity, while contaminant loadings commonly associated with produced water (e.g., radionuclides) are poorly constrained. For example, the infiltration of bicarbonate-rich produced waters can react with sediment-bound uranium (U), leading to U mobilization and subsequent transport to nearby groundwater. Specifically, produced water infiltration poses a particular concern for SJV groundwater, as valley-fill sediments are well documented to be enriched in geogenic, reduced U. Here, we analyzed monitoring well data from two SJV produced water pond facilities to characterize U mobilization and subsequent groundwater contamination. Groundwater wells installed within 2 km of the facilities contained produced water and elevated levels of uranium. There are \textgreater400 produced water disposal pond facilities in the southern SJV. If our observations occur at even a fraction of these facilities, there is the potential for widespread U contamination in the groundwaters of one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world.  
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  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ tisherman_groundwater_2023 Serial 159  
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Author Naghedifar, S.M.; Ziaei, A.N.; Naghedifar, S.A.; Ansari, H. url  openurl
  Title A new model for simulation of collection and conveyance sections of Qanat Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of Hydrology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 590 Issue Pages 125218  
  Keywords Richards’ equation, Saint-Venant equation, Numerical modeling, Qanat-aquifer system  
  Abstract (up) In this paper, a new numerical model has been developed for simulation of Qanat-aquifer system. This model employs quasi-3D mixed-form of Richards’ equation and 1D fully-hydrodynamic form of Saint-Venant equations to simulate subsurface and overland flow, respectively. In order to handle non-orthogonal grids, subsurface flow module benefits from coordinate transformation technique. Using the above-mentioned governing equations, the presented model is able to simulate water flow inside both collection and conveyance sections of the gallery as well as dynamics of groundwater and vadose zone from impermeable bed rock to the soil-air interface. Since measured data corresponding to the hydraulics of Qanats is scarce, the overland and subsurface modules have been validated with analytical, numerical and experimental benchmarks in the literature. Subsequently, the model was employed to simulate ten different hypothetical aquifer-Qanat systems with different properties including the depth of groundwater aquifer, roughness of the gallery and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the gallery-aquifer boundary and the influence of each the parameters was monitored on the outflow rate at the appearance point of each Qanat. Furthermore, the advance of water inside two initially dry galleries were simulated at different time levels up to steady state. Eventually, the streamlines have been shown at the steady state for two Qanat-aquifer systems. Although, the presented study sheds light on some aspects of Qanat-aquifer hydraulics, the validation of the presented model with in-lab or on-field data remains ongoing for the future researches.  
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  ISSN 0022-1694 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Naghedifar2020125218 Serial 254  
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Author Shayakhmetov, N.M.; Alibayeva, K.A.; Kaltayev, A.; Panfilov, I. url  openurl
  Title Enhancing uranium in-situ leaching efficiency through the well reverse technique: A study of the effects of reversal time on production efficiency and cost Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Hydrometallurgy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 219 Issue Pages 106086  
  Keywords Economic evaluation, Hydrodynamic enhancement of mineral production, In-situ leaching, Mineral recovery, Optimal reversal time, Well reversing technique  
  Abstract (up) In this study, the application of the Well Reversal Technique (WRT) and the impact of reversal time on the efficiency of uranium mining via In-Situ Leaching (ISL) were investigated. A prevalent issue in ISL mineral extraction is the formation of stagnant zones caused by limited access of the lixiviant, which leads to increased operating expenditures. The WRT, which involves altering the function of some wells from injection to production or vice versa, is a potential solution to this problem. The efficiency of WRT is heavily dependent on the well pattern and reversal time. Two commonly used well patterns in ISL are the 9-spot (row arrangement) and 7-spot (hexagonal arrangement). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal reversal time for a 9-spot well pattern through mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic and physico-chemical processes and subsequent economic assessment. A mathematical model of uranium extraction processes was developed using the principles of mass conservation, Darcy’s, and mass action laws. The results obtained for a 9-spot well pattern without reversal, with two reversal options, and a 7-spot scheme were analyzed comparatively. The 7-spot scheme without reversal was found to be the most effective of the options examined. The application of WRT on a 9-spot well pattern allows to enhance production efficiency to a level comparable to that of a 7-spot well pattern. Additionally, the effect of reversal time on recovery was studied based on two well reversal options. The results from calculation revealed that the optimal scenario was when the well reversal is conducted immediately after the time point at which the average concentration of the pregnant solution in the production wells reaches its peak value. The overall efficiency of WRT application was determined through economic calculations of capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) expenditures. Based on economic calculations, it was determined that the utilization of WRT results in a 3–18% increase in mineral production efficiency for a 9-point scheme, depending on the chosen reversal method.  
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  ISSN 0304-386x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ shayakhmetov_enhancing_2023 Serial 203  
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Author Netzer, L.; Kurtzman, D.; Ben-Hur, M.; Livshitz, Y.; Katzir, R.; Nachshon, U. url  openurl
  Title Novel approach to roof rainwater harvesting and aquifer recharge in an urban environment: Dry and wet infiltration wells comparison Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Water Research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 252 Issue Pages 121183  
  Keywords Rainwater harvesting, Managed aquifer recharge, Urban hydrology, Infiltration wells  
  Abstract (up) In urban environments there is a severe reduction of infiltration and groundwater recharge due to the existence of large impervious areas. During rain events, large volumes of water that could have recharged groundwater and surface water bodies are diverted into the municipal drainage system and lost from the freshwater storage. Moreover, extreme rain events impose high peak flows and large runoff volumes, which increase the risk of urban floods. Recent studies have suggested the use of rainwater harvesting for groundwater recharge, as a plausible solution for these challenges in dense urban environments. While the benefits of this approach are well understood, research on its practical, engineering, and hydrological aspects is relatively limited. The objective of the present study was to examine the use of infiltration wells for groundwater recharge with harvested rainwater collected from building rooftops under Mediterranean climate conditions. Two types of wells with similar hydraulic and technical properties were examined: a well that reaches the groundwater (wet well); and a well that discharges the harvested water into the unsaturated zone (dry well). Infiltration capacities of the wells were compared in controlled experiments conducted during summer months, and in operational recharge of harvested rainwater, during winter. Both dry and wet wells were found to be suitable for purposes of groundwater recharge with rooftop-harvested rainwater. Infiltration capacity of the wet well was about seven times greater than the infiltration capacity of the dry well. While the infiltration capacity of the wet well was constant throughout the entire length of the study (∼10 m3/h/m), the dry well infiltration capacity improved during winter (from 0.5 m3/h/m to 1.5 m3/h/m), a result of development of the dry well with time. Considering Tel-Aviv, Israel, as a case study for a dense modern city in a Mediterranean climate, it is demonstrated herein that the use of infiltration wells may reduce urban drainage by ∼40 %.  
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  ISSN 0043-1354 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Netzer2024121183 Serial 230  
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Author Haque, N.; Norgate, T. url  openurl
  Title The greenhouse gas footprint of in-situ leaching of uranium, gold and copper in Australia Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Cleaner Production Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 84 Issue Pages 382-390  
  Keywords Copper, GHG emission, Gold, In-situ leaching, LCA, Uranium  
  Abstract (up) In-situ leaching (ISL) is a chemical method for recovering useful minerals and metals directly from underground ore bodies which is also referred to as ‘solution mining’. ISL is commonly used for uranium mining, accounting for about 45% of global production. The main benefits are claimed to be a lower environmental impact in terms of visual disturbances, emissions, lower energy use, cost compared with conventional open-cut or underground mining methods, and potential utilisation of lower grade resources. However, there is a lack of reported studies on the assessment of the environmental impacts of ISL, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The SimaPro LCA software was used to estimate the GHG footprint of the ISL of uranium, gold and copper. The total GHG emissions were estimated to be 38.0 kg CO2-e/kg U3O8 concentrate (yellowcake), 29 t CO2-e/kg gold, and 4.78 kg CO2-e/kg Cu. The GHG footprint of ISL uranium was significantly lower than that of conventional mining, however, the footprints of copper and gold were not much less compared with conventional mining methods. This is due to the lower ore grade of ISL deposits and recovery compared with high ore grades and recovery of conventional technology. Additionally, the use of large amount of electricity for pumping in case of ISL contributes to this result. The electricity consumed in pumping leaching solutions was by far the greatest contributor to the well-field related activities associated with ISL of uranium, gold and copper. The main strategy to reduce the GHG footprint of ISL mining should be to use electricity derived from low emission sources. In particular, renewable sources such as solar would be suitable for ISL as these operations are typically in remote locations with smaller deposits compared with conventional mining sites.  
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  ISSN 0959-6526 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ haque_greenhouse_2014 Serial 208  
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Author Rossetto, R.; Filippis, G.D.; Borsi, I.; Foglia, L.; Cannata, M.; Criollo, R.; Vázquez-Suñé, E. url  openurl
  Title Integrating free and open source tools and distributed modelling codes in GIS environment for data-based groundwater management Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Environmental Modelling & Software Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 107 Issue Pages 210-230  
  Keywords Free and Open Source Software, FREEWAT, Groundwater management, ICT, MODFLOW, QGIS  
  Abstract (up) Integrating advanced simulation techniques and data analysis tools in a freeware Geographic Information System (GIS) provides a valuable contribution to the management of conjunctive use of groundwater (the world’s largest freshwater resource) and surface-water. To this aim, we describe here the FREEWAT (FREE and open source software tools for WATer resource management) platform. FREEWAT is a free and open source, QGIS-integrated interface for planning and management of water resources, with specific attention to groundwater. The FREEWAT platform couples the power of GIS geo-processing and post-processing tools in spatial data analysis with that of process-based simulation models. The FREEWAT environment allows storage of large spatial datasets, data management and visualization, and running of several distributed modelling codes (mainly belonging to the MODFLOW family). It simulates hydrologic and transport processes, and provides a database framework and visualization capabilities for hydrochemical analysis. Examples of real case study applications are provided.  
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  ISSN 1364-8152 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ rossetto_integrating_2018 Serial 92  
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