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Author (up) Bresinsky, L.; Kordilla, J.; Hector, T.; Engelhardt, I.; Livshitz, Y.; Sauter, M. url  openurl
  Title Managing climate change impacts on the Western Mountain Aquifer: Implications for Mediterranean karst groundwater resources Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Journal of Hydrology X Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 100153  
  Keywords Groundwater recharge, Storage, Hydrogeological droughts, Climate change effects, Groundwater management, Mitigation of climate change effects  
  Abstract Many studies highlight the decrease in precipitation due to climate change in the Mediterranean region, making it a prominent hotspot. This study examines the combined impacts of climate change and three groundwater demand scenarios on the water resources of the Western Mountain Aquifer (WMA) in Israel and the West Bank. While commonly used methods for quantifying groundwater recharge and water resources rely on regression models, it is important to acknowledge their limitations when assessing climate change impacts. Regression models and other data-driven approaches are effective within observed variability but may lack predictive power when extrapolated to conditions beyond historical fluctuations. A comprehensive assessment requires distributed process-based numerical models incorporating a broader range of relevant physical flow processes and, ideally, ensemble model projections. In this study, we simulate the dynamics of dual-domain infiltration and precipitation partitioning using a HydroGeoSphere (HGS) model for variably saturated water flow coupled to a soil-epikarst water balance model in the WMA. The model input includes downscaled high-resolution climate projections until 2070 based on the IPCC RCP4.5 scenario. The results reveal a 5% to 10% decrease in long-term average groundwater recharge compared to a 30% reduction in average precipitation. The heterogeneity of karstic flow and increased intensity of individual rainfall events contribute to this mitigated impact on groundwater recharge, underscoring the importance of spatiotemporally resolved climate models with daily precipitation data. However, despite the moderate decrease in recharge, the study highlights the increasing length and severity of consecutive drought years with low recharge values. It emphasizes the need to adjust current management practices to climate change, as freshwater demand is expected to rise during these periods. Additionally, the study examines the emergence of hydrogeological droughts and their propagation from the surface to the groundwater. The results suggest that the 48-month standardized precipitation index (SPI-48) is a suitable indicator for hydrogeological drought emergence due to reduced groundwater recharge.  
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  ISSN 2589-9155 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Bresinsky2023100153 Serial 223  
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Author (up) Brook, G.A.; Marais, E.; Srivastava, P.; Jordan, T. url  openurl
  Title Timing of lake-level changes in Etosha Pan, Namibia, since the middle Holocene from OSL ages of relict shorelines in the Okondeka region Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Quaternary International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 175 Issue 1 Pages 29-40  
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  Abstract In 2003 examination of aerial photographs revealed a series of previously unknown relict shorelines on the arcuate ridge, possibly a clay lunette dune, that marks the western boundary of Etosha Pan in Namibia. The shorelines are 120–600m wide and the most prominent extend for tens of km around the lunette dune. The shorelines were examined on the ground in 2004 and an attempt was made to date the three lowest levels at ca. 5, 2.5 and 1m above the present pan surface. The OSL ages obtained indicate higher and more prolonged lake conditions than today at ca. 6.4, 4.0 and 2.1ka with the youngest shoreline sediments resting on an ancient pan surface dating to ca. 13ka. The evidence indicates dry conditions in the pan at ca. 13ka, wetter conditions and higher lake levels in the middle Holocene followed by a decline in lake levels to the present. Periods of inundation were of sufficient duration to produce shorelines at the southwestern end of the pan due to the prevailing northeasterly winds that would have maximized wave action along this section of the pan margin. The Etosha findings, together with other regional paleoclimate data, suggest four periods of increased wetness in SW Africa during the Holocene at 7–5, 4.5–3.5, 2.5–1.7 and ca. 1.0ka. There is widespread evidence for the oldest of these periods suggesting that it was a prominent and widespread interval of wetness. Prior to ca. 8.0ka the climate may have been drier than today.  
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  ISSN 1040-6182 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ brook_timing_2007 Serial 97  
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Author (up) Brook, G.A.; Railsback, L.B.; Marais, E. url  openurl
  Title Reassessment of carbonate ages by dating both carbonate and organic material from an Etosha Pan (Namibia) stromatolite: Evidence of humid phases during the last 20ka Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Quaternary International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 229 Issue 1 Pages 24-37  
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  Abstract Previous research on lacustrine stromatolites from Etosha Pan in Namibia obtained ages on carbonate close to or beyond the limits of radiocarbon dating. These ages suggested that the basin was likely not subject to extensive flooding during the last ca. 40ka. This study shows that AMS radiocarbon ages for the carbonate of a stromatolite from Poacher’s Point are 15–21ka older than ages for organic material in the stromatolite structure. Calibrated ages range from 30 to 40ka for carbonate and 3–19ka for the organic residue. The new ages, together with petrographic and isotopic data for the stromatolite, have provided important new information on past flooding of Etosha Pan including evidence of prolonged lacustrine conditions during the Holocene Climatic Optimum.  
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  ISSN 1040-6182 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ brook_reassessment_2011 Serial 110  
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Author (up) Bullock, L.A.; Parnell, J. url  openurl
  Title Selenium and molybdenum enrichment in uranium roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado, USA Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Geochemical Exploration Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 180 Issue Pages 101-112  
  Keywords Molybdenum, Roll-fronts, Selenium, Tellurium, Uranium, Wyoming  
  Abstract Sandstone uranium (U) roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado (USA) are important U resources, and may provide a terrestrial source for critical accessory elements, such as selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and tellurium (Te). Due to their associated toxicity, MoSeTe occurrences in roll-fronts should also be carefully monitored during U leaching and ore processing. While elevated MoSe concentrations in roll-fronts are well established, very little is known about Te occurrence in such deposits. This study aims to establish MoSeTe concentrations in Wyoming and Colorado roll-fronts, and assess the significance of these deposits in an environmental and mineral exploration context. Sampled roll-front deposits, produced by oxidized groundwater transportation through a sandstone, show high MoSe content in specific redox zones, and low Te, relative to crustal means. High Se concentrations (up to 168ppm) are restricted to a narrow band of alteration at the redox front. High Mo content (up to 115ppm) is typically associated with the reduced mineralized nose and seepage zones of the roll-front, ahead of the U orebody. Elevated trace element concentrations are likely sourced from proximal granitic intrusions, tuffaceous deposits, and local pyritic mudstones. Elevated MoSe content in the sampled roll fronts may be regarded as a contaminant in U in-situ recovery and leaching processing, and may pose an environmental threat in groundwaters and soils, so extraction should be carefully monitored. The identification of peak concentrations of MoSe can also act as a pathfinder for the redox front of a roll-front, and help to isolate the U orebody, particularly in the absence of gamma signatures.  
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  ISSN 0375-6742 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ bullock_selenium_2017 Serial 189  
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Author (up) Burchi, S. url  openurl
  Title Legal frameworks for the governance of international transboundary aquifers: Pre- and post-ISARM experience Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 15-20  
  Keywords International aquifers, International aquifers agreements, International groundwater law, UN draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers  
  Abstract Study region Africa, Latin America, Europe. Study focus Through the extensive study and mapping of the world’s aquifers that lie astride the international boundary lines of sovereign States, ISARM has awakened concerned States to the existence of aquifers stretching beyond their borders, and precipitated cooperation in generating a body of knowledge that facilitated cooperation in governance arrangements for such aquifers. In parallel, ISARM influenced the shape and direction of the United Nations “Draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers” appended to UN Resolution 63/124 of 2008. Both stimulated cooperation among concerned States, and provided a frame of reference for the legal grounding of such cooperation in aquifer-specific agreements. New hydrological insights Through this synergistic paradigm, ISARM has made an impact on the shape and direction of cooperation in the Guaraní Aquifer in South America, and in the Iullemeden and Taoudeni/Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems (ITAS) in the Sahel region of Africa. It is having an influence on the shape and direction of cooperation being negotiated on the Stampriet Aquifer System in Southern Africa, and on the Ocotepeque-Citalá Aquifer in Central America. The link of ISARM to other international aquifer agreements on record is tenuous, and ISARM’s influence on their generation speculative. The visibility of ISARM has faded since 2012, however its legacy is lasting.  
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  ISSN 2214-5818 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ burchi_legal_2018 Serial 100  
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