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Author Bresinsky, L.; Kordilla, J.; Hector, T.; Engelhardt, I.; Livshitz, Y.; Sauter, M. url  openurl
  Title Managing climate change impacts on the Western Mountain Aquifer: Implications for Mediterranean karst groundwater resources Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Journal of Hydrology X Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 100153  
  Keywords Groundwater recharge, Storage, Hydrogeological droughts, Climate change effects, Groundwater management, Mitigation of climate change effects  
  Abstract Many studies highlight the decrease in precipitation due to climate change in the Mediterranean region, making it a prominent hotspot. This study examines the combined impacts of climate change and three groundwater demand scenarios on the water resources of the Western Mountain Aquifer (WMA) in Israel and the West Bank. While commonly used methods for quantifying groundwater recharge and water resources rely on regression models, it is important to acknowledge their limitations when assessing climate change impacts. Regression models and other data-driven approaches are effective within observed variability but may lack predictive power when extrapolated to conditions beyond historical fluctuations. A comprehensive assessment requires distributed process-based numerical models incorporating a broader range of relevant physical flow processes and, ideally, ensemble model projections. In this study, we simulate the dynamics of dual-domain infiltration and precipitation partitioning using a HydroGeoSphere (HGS) model for variably saturated water flow coupled to a soil-epikarst water balance model in the WMA. The model input includes downscaled high-resolution climate projections until 2070 based on the IPCC RCP4.5 scenario. The results reveal a 5% to 10% decrease in long-term average groundwater recharge compared to a 30% reduction in average precipitation. The heterogeneity of karstic flow and increased intensity of individual rainfall events contribute to this mitigated impact on groundwater recharge, underscoring the importance of spatiotemporally resolved climate models with daily precipitation data. However, despite the moderate decrease in recharge, the study highlights the increasing length and severity of consecutive drought years with low recharge values. It emphasizes the need to adjust current management practices to climate change, as freshwater demand is expected to rise during these periods. Additionally, the study examines the emergence of hydrogeological droughts and their propagation from the surface to the groundwater. The results suggest that the 48-month standardized precipitation index (SPI-48) is a suitable indicator for hydrogeological drought emergence due to reduced groundwater recharge.  
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  ISSN 2589-9155 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ Bresinsky2023100153 Serial 223  
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Author Brook, G.A.; Railsback, L.B.; Marais, E. url  openurl
  Title Reassessment of carbonate ages by dating both carbonate and organic material from an Etosha Pan (Namibia) stromatolite: Evidence of humid phases during the last 20ka Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Quaternary International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 229 Issue 1 Pages 24-37  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Previous research on lacustrine stromatolites from Etosha Pan in Namibia obtained ages on carbonate close to or beyond the limits of radiocarbon dating. These ages suggested that the basin was likely not subject to extensive flooding during the last ca. 40ka. This study shows that AMS radiocarbon ages for the carbonate of a stromatolite from Poacher’s Point are 15–21ka older than ages for organic material in the stromatolite structure. Calibrated ages range from 30 to 40ka for carbonate and 3–19ka for the organic residue. The new ages, together with petrographic and isotopic data for the stromatolite, have provided important new information on past flooding of Etosha Pan including evidence of prolonged lacustrine conditions during the Holocene Climatic Optimum.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1040-6182 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ brook_reassessment_2011 Serial 110  
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Author Brook, G.A.; Marais, E.; Srivastava, P.; Jordan, T. url  openurl
  Title Timing of lake-level changes in Etosha Pan, Namibia, since the middle Holocene from OSL ages of relict shorelines in the Okondeka region Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Quaternary International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 175 Issue 1 Pages 29-40  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In 2003 examination of aerial photographs revealed a series of previously unknown relict shorelines on the arcuate ridge, possibly a clay lunette dune, that marks the western boundary of Etosha Pan in Namibia. The shorelines are 120–600m wide and the most prominent extend for tens of km around the lunette dune. The shorelines were examined on the ground in 2004 and an attempt was made to date the three lowest levels at ca. 5, 2.5 and 1m above the present pan surface. The OSL ages obtained indicate higher and more prolonged lake conditions than today at ca. 6.4, 4.0 and 2.1ka with the youngest shoreline sediments resting on an ancient pan surface dating to ca. 13ka. The evidence indicates dry conditions in the pan at ca. 13ka, wetter conditions and higher lake levels in the middle Holocene followed by a decline in lake levels to the present. Periods of inundation were of sufficient duration to produce shorelines at the southwestern end of the pan due to the prevailing northeasterly winds that would have maximized wave action along this section of the pan margin. The Etosha findings, together with other regional paleoclimate data, suggest four periods of increased wetness in SW Africa during the Holocene at 7–5, 4.5–3.5, 2.5–1.7 and ca. 1.0ka. There is widespread evidence for the oldest of these periods suggesting that it was a prominent and widespread interval of wetness. Prior to ca. 8.0ka the climate may have been drier than today.  
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  ISSN 1040-6182 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ brook_timing_2007 Serial 97  
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Author Bullock, L.A.; Parnell, J. url  openurl
  Title Selenium and molybdenum enrichment in uranium roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado, USA Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Geochemical Exploration Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 180 Issue Pages 101-112  
  Keywords Molybdenum, Roll-fronts, Selenium, Tellurium, Uranium, Wyoming  
  Abstract Sandstone uranium (U) roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado (USA) are important U resources, and may provide a terrestrial source for critical accessory elements, such as selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and tellurium (Te). Due to their associated toxicity, MoSeTe occurrences in roll-fronts should also be carefully monitored during U leaching and ore processing. While elevated MoSe concentrations in roll-fronts are well established, very little is known about Te occurrence in such deposits. This study aims to establish MoSeTe concentrations in Wyoming and Colorado roll-fronts, and assess the significance of these deposits in an environmental and mineral exploration context. Sampled roll-front deposits, produced by oxidized groundwater transportation through a sandstone, show high MoSe content in specific redox zones, and low Te, relative to crustal means. High Se concentrations (up to 168ppm) are restricted to a narrow band of alteration at the redox front. High Mo content (up to 115ppm) is typically associated with the reduced mineralized nose and seepage zones of the roll-front, ahead of the U orebody. Elevated trace element concentrations are likely sourced from proximal granitic intrusions, tuffaceous deposits, and local pyritic mudstones. Elevated MoSe content in the sampled roll fronts may be regarded as a contaminant in U in-situ recovery and leaching processing, and may pose an environmental threat in groundwaters and soils, so extraction should be carefully monitored. The identification of peak concentrations of MoSe can also act as a pathfinder for the redox front of a roll-front, and help to isolate the U orebody, particularly in the absence of gamma signatures.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0375-6742 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ bullock_selenium_2017 Serial 189  
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Author Burchi, S. url  openurl
  Title Legal frameworks for the governance of international transboundary aquifers: Pre- and post-ISARM experience Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 15-20  
  Keywords International aquifers, International aquifers agreements, International groundwater law, UN draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers  
  Abstract Study region Africa, Latin America, Europe. Study focus Through the extensive study and mapping of the world’s aquifers that lie astride the international boundary lines of sovereign States, ISARM has awakened concerned States to the existence of aquifers stretching beyond their borders, and precipitated cooperation in generating a body of knowledge that facilitated cooperation in governance arrangements for such aquifers. In parallel, ISARM influenced the shape and direction of the United Nations “Draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers” appended to UN Resolution 63/124 of 2008. Both stimulated cooperation among concerned States, and provided a frame of reference for the legal grounding of such cooperation in aquifer-specific agreements. New hydrological insights Through this synergistic paradigm, ISARM has made an impact on the shape and direction of cooperation in the Guaraní Aquifer in South America, and in the Iullemeden and Taoudeni/Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems (ITAS) in the Sahel region of Africa. It is having an influence on the shape and direction of cooperation being negotiated on the Stampriet Aquifer System in Southern Africa, and on the Ocotepeque-Citalá Aquifer in Central America. The link of ISARM to other international aquifer agreements on record is tenuous, and ISARM’s influence on their generation speculative. The visibility of ISARM has faded since 2012, however its legacy is lasting.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2214-5818 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ burchi_legal_2018 Serial 100  
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Author Carrión, A.; Fornes, A. url  openurl
  Title Underground medieval water distribution network in a Spanish town Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue Pages 90-97  
  Keywords Water distribution, Underground cistern, Medieval tunnel  
  Abstract The city of Alcudia de Crespins, in the centre of the Valencia province (east of Spain), has an exceptional water distribution system that in the past served fresh water to many houses in the town. This system is formed by more than one km of tunnels and underground cisterns, and dates probably in the late medieval times, while it has been in use and suffering modifications until 1955. This paper presents the structure and characteristics of such exceptional system, and explains the functioning parameters of the infrastructure.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0886-7798 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ Carrion201690 Serial 264  
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Author Castro, M.C.; Stute, M.; Schlosser, P. url  openurl
  Title Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Applied Geochemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 8 Pages 1137-1167  
  Keywords  
  Abstract 4He concentrations in excess of the solubility equilibrium with the atmosphere by up to two to three orders of magnitude are observed in the Carrizo Aquifer in Texas, the Ojo Alamo and Nacimiento aquifers in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and the Auob Sandstone Aquifer in Namibia. A simple 4He accumulation model is applied to explain these excess 4He concentrations in terms of both in situ production and a crustal flux across the bottom layer of the aquifer. Results from the model simulations suggest variability in the 4He fluxes, ranging from 6×10−6 cm3 STP cm−2 yr−1 for the Auob Sandstone Aquifer to 3.6×10−7 cm3 STP cm−2 yr−1 for the Carrizo aquifer. For the Ojo Alamo and Nacimiento aquifers an intermediate value of 3×10−6 cm3 STP cm−2 yr−1 was estimated. The contribution of in-situ produced 4He to the measured concentrations was also estimated. This contribution is negligible for the Auob Sandstone Aquifer as compared with both the concentrations measured at the top and bottom of the aquifer for most of the pathway. In the Carrizo aquifer, in-situ produced 4He contributes 27.5% and 15.4%, to the total 4He observed at the top and bottom of the aquifer, respectively. For both aquifers of the San Juan Basin in-situ production almost entirely dominates the 4He concentrations at the top of the aquifer for most of the pathway. In contrast, the internal production is negligible as compared with the measured concentrations at the bottom of these aquifers, reaching, at most, 1.1%. The model simulations require an exponential decrease in the horizontal velocity of the water with increasing recharge distance to reproduce the distribution of 4He in these aquifers. For the Auob Sandstone Aquifer the highest range in the velocity values is obtained (25 to 0.4 m yr−1). The simulations for the Carrizo aquifer and both aquifers located in the San Juan Basin require velocities varying from 4 to 0.1 m yr−1, and from 2 to 0.3 m yr−1, respectively. For each aquifer, average permeability values were also estimated. They are generally in agreement with results obtained from pumping tests, hydrodynamic modeling and previous 14C measurements. On the basis of the results obtained by calibrating the model with the measured 4He concentrations, the mean water residence times were estimated. They agree reasonably well with 14C ages. When applied as chronologies for noble gas temperatures in the same aquifers, the calculated 4He ages allow the identification of three different climate periods similar to those previously identified using 14C ages: (1) the Holocene period (0–10 Ka BP), (2) the Last Glacial Maximum (≈18 Ka BP), and (3) the preceeding period (30–150 Ka BP).  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0883-2927 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ castro_comparison_2000 Serial 109  
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Author Chase, B.M.; Meadows, M.E. url  openurl
  Title Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa’s winter rainfall zone Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Earth-Science Reviews Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 103-138  
  Keywords Last Glacial Maximum, palaeoenvironment, Quaternary, southern Africa, westerlies, winter rainfall zone  
  Abstract Variations in the nature and extent of southern Africa’s winter rainfall zone (WRZ) have the potential to provide important information concerning the nature of long-term climate change at both regional and hemispheric scales. Positioned at the interface between tropical and temperate systems, southern Africa’s climate is influenced by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the westerlies, and the development and position of continental and oceanic anticyclones. Over the last glacial–interglacial cycle substantial changes in the amount and seasonality of precipitation across the subcontinent have been linked to the relative dominance of these systems. Central to this discussion has been the extent to which the region’s glacial climates would have been affected by expansions of Antarctic sea-ice, equatorward migrations of the westerlies, more frequent/intense winter storms and an expanded WRZ. This paper reviews the developing body of evidence pertaining to shifts in the WRZ, and the evolution of ideas that have been presented to explain the patterns observed. Dividing the region into three separate axes, along the western and southern margins of the continent and across the interior into the Karoo and the Kalahari, a range of evidence from both terrestrial sites and marine cores is considered, and potential expansions of the WRZ expansions are explored. Despite the limitations of many of the region’s proxy records, a coherent pattern has begun to develop of a significantly expanded WRZ during phases of the last glacial period, with the best-documented being between 32–17 ka. While more detailed inferences will require the recovery and analysis of longer and better-dated records, this synthesis provides a new baseline for further research in this key region.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0012-8252 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ chase_late_2007 Serial 102  
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Author Chen, Y.; Hong, Y.; Huang, D.; Dai, X.; Zhang, M.; Liu, Y.; Xu, Z. url  openurl
  Title Risk assessment management and emergency plan for uranium tailings pond Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 83-90  
  Keywords Emergency management, Interpreted structural model (ISM), Resilience, Risk coupling, Uranium tailings pond  
  Abstract The safety of uranium tailings pond is closely related to social stability and economic development, so it is necessary to improve the emergency management of uranium tailings pond to ensure its safety by adjusting the emergency plan. The Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) is used to analyze the structural relationship between the main risk factors leading to the occurrence of emergencies. The results show that attention should be paid to the risk factors originating from humans and infrastructures, and effective management measures should be adopted in the process of emergency management, for example, people build tighter employee access system, clarify the responsibilities of employees at all levels, and improve monitoring and organizational means. According to the results of ISM analysis, a structural risk control system can be constructed, and a defensive barrier that can effectively block the risk coupling transmission can be designed to prevent the risk from being transformed into an event. For other risks, system resilience management should be strengthened to respond to risks. The process is set as emergency response and accident response. Different management objects use different management methods to make emergency management work efficiently.  
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  ISSN 1687-8507 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ chen_risk_2022 Serial 128  
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Author Christofi, C.; Bruggeman, A.; Külls, C.; Constantinou, C. url  openurl
  Title Isotope hydrology and hydrogeochemical modeling of Troodos Fractured Aquifer, Cyprus: The development of hydrogeological descriptions of observed water types Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Applied Geochemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 123 Issue Pages 104780  
  Keywords Isotope hydrology, Hydrogeochemical modelling, Hydrochemistry, Kargiotis, Troodos  
  Abstract The origin of groundwater recharge and subsequent flow paths are often difficult to establish in fractured, multi-lithological, and highly compartmentalized aquifers such as the Troodos Fractured Aquifer (TFA). As the conjunctive use of stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data provides additional information, we established a monitoring network for stable isotopes in precipitation in Cyprus. The local meteoric water line, altitude effect and seasonal variation of stable isotopes in precipitation are derived from monitoring data. Stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data are combined to model water-rock interactions and groundwater evolution along a complete ophiolite sequence. As a result a generic hydrogeologic description for the observed water types is developed. Isotope hydrology was applied in conjunction with hydrogeochemical modelling in Kargiotis Watershed, a major north-south transect of the TFA. PHREEQC was used for hydrogeochemical modelling to establish generic descriptions for observed water types. Mean precipitation-weighted values from 16 monitoring stations were used to calculate the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL), which was found to be equal to δ2H = (6.58 ± 0.13)*δ18O + (12.64 ± 0.91). A general decrease of 1.22‰ for δ2H and 0.20‰ for δ18O in precipitation was calculated per 100 m altitude. A generic groundwater evolution path was established: 1. Na/MgClHCO3, 2. MgHCO3, 3. Ca/MgHCO3, 4. Ca/MgNaHCO3, 4a. MgNa/CaHCO3/Cl, 5. NaMg/CaHCO3/Cl, 6. NaHCO3, 7. Na/MgHCO3SO4, 8. NaSO4Cl/HCO3. Hydrogeologic descriptions, consisting of groundwater origin, flow path and possible active water-rock processes, have been realised for the observed water types. The first two water types occur in serpentine and ultramafic-gabbro springs. Type 3 waters represent early stages of recharge and/or short flow paths, in gabbro whereas types 4 and 5 are typical for further percolating waters in gabbro and diabase. Water types 6 and 7 occur both in diabase and in the basal group and represent the regional flow. Water type 8 is the end member of regional, upwelling groundwater in the basal group. The presented descriptions and methods have practical applications in groundwater exploration, characterization, and protection. The methodology can be applied in other complex aquifer systems.  
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  Language english Summary Language english Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0883-2927 ISBN Medium  
  Area Cyprus Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) THL @ christoph.kuells @ Christofi2020104780 Serial 76  
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