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Orloff, K.G.; Mistry, K.; Charp, P.; Metcalf, S.; Marino, R.; Shelly, T.; Melaro, E.; Donohoe, A.M.; Jones, R.L. |
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Title |
Human exposure to uranium in groundwater |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Environmental Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue  |
3 |
Pages |
319-326 |
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Keywords |
Groundwater, Human exposure, Uranium, Urine |
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Abstract |
High concentrations of uranium (mean=620μg/L) were detected in water samples collected from private wells in a residential community. Based on isotopic analyses, the source of the uranium contamination appeared to be from naturally occurring geological deposits. In homes where well water concentrations of uranium exceeded the drinking water standard, the residents were advised to use an alternate water source for potable purposes. Several months after the residents had stopped drinking the water, urine samples were collected and tested for uranium. Elevated concentrations of uranium (mean=0.40μg/g creatinine) were detected in urine samples, and 85 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of a national reference population. Urine uranium concentrations were positively correlated with water uranium concentrations, but not with the participants’ ages or how long they had been drinking the water. Six months later, a second urine sample was collected and tested for uranium. Urine uranium concentrations decreased in most (63 percent) of the people. In those people with the highest initial urine uranium concentrations, the urine levels decreased an average of 78 percent. However, urine uranium concentrations remained elevated (mean=0.27μg/g), and 87 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of the reference population. The results of this investigation demonstrated that after long-term ingestion of uranium in drinking water, elevated concentrations of uranium in urine could be detected up to 10 months after exposure had stopped. |
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0013-9351 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ orloff_human_2004 |
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136 |
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Author |
Min, M.; Xu, H.; Chen, J.; Fayek, M. |
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Title |
Evidence of uranium biomineralization in sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, northwestern China |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ore Geology Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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26 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
198-206 |
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Keywords |
Biomineralization, China, Roll-front uranium deposit, Sandstone |
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Abstract |
We show evidence that the primary uranium minerals, uraninite and coffinite, from high-grade ore samples (U3O8\textgreater0.3%) in the Wuyiyi, Wuyier, and Wuyisan sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, Xinjiang, northwestern China were biogenically precipitated and psuedomorphically replace fungi and bacteria. Uranium (VI), which was the sole electron acceptor, was likely to have been enzymically reduced. Post-mortem accumulation of uranium may have also occurred through physio-chemical interaction between uranium and negatively-charged cellular sites, and inorganic adsorption or precipitation reactions. These results suggest that microorganisms may have played a key role in formation of the sandstone- or roll-type uranium deposits, which are among the most economically significant uranium deposits in the world. |
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0169-1368 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ min_evidence_2005 |
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186 |
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Author |
Hdeib, R.; Aouad, M. |
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Title |
Rainwater harvesting systems: An urban flood risk mitigation measure in arid areas |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
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Water Science and Engineering |
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16 |
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3 |
Pages |
219-225 |
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Keywords |
Rainwater harvesting, Urban floods, Flood map, Hydrodynamic model, Built environment, Arid areas |
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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have been developed to compensate for shortage in the water supply worldwide. Such systems are not very common in arid areas, particularly in the Gulf Region, due to the scarcity of rainfall and their reduced efficiency in covering water demand and reducing water consumption rates. In spite of this, RWH systems have the potential to reduce urban flood risks, particularly in densely populated areas. This study aimed to assess the potential use of RWH systems as urban flood mitigation measures in arid areas. Their utility in the retention of stormwater runoff and the reduction of water depth and extent were evaluated. The study was conducted in a residential area in Bahrain that experienced waterlogging after heavy rainfall events. The water demand patterns of housing units were analyzed, and the daily water balance for RWH tanks was evaluated. The effect of the implementation of RWH systems on the flood volume was evaluated with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Flood simulations were conducted in several rainfall scenarios with different probabilities of occurrence. The results showed significant reductions in the flood depth and flood extent, but these effects were highly dependent on the rainfall intensity of the event. RWH systems are effective flood mitigation measures, particularly in urban arid regions short of proper stormwater control infrastructure, and they enhance the resilience of the built environment to urban floods. |
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1674-2370 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Hdeib2023219 |
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242 |
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Author |
Robati, A.; Barani, G.A. |
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Title |
Modeling of water surface profile in subterranean channel by differential quadrature method (DQM) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Applied Mathematical Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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33 |
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3 |
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1295-1305 |
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Subterranean channel, Qanat, Differential quadrature method, Water surface profile, Porous media |
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This study, investigates the hydraulic of flow in a subterranean channel headspring. The continuity and momentum equations of flow in porous media considering real conditions were used and the basic equation of flow in a subterranean channel was resulted. This equation is very similar to the spatially varied flow with increasing discharge. An equation, defining the hydraulic parameters of a subterranean channel section was adopted. Then differential quadrature method (DQM), was applied to the equation of flow in subterranean channel, consequently the water surface profile was resulted. To illustrate the rightness of model, the hydraulic parameters of flow in the Gavgard branch of the Joopar Goharriz Qanat were measured and the water surface profile was determined. This water surface profile was compared to the water surface profile computed by the model, which are in good agreement. |
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0307-904x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Robati20091295 |
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249 |
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Author |
Rubin, R. |
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Title |
Water conservation methods in Israel’s Negev desert in late antiquity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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Journal of Historical Geography |
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14 |
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3 |
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229-244 |
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Settlement in Israel’s Negev desert historically has been dependent on water conservation techniques. Fieldwork carried out on settlement sites constructed during the Byzantine period, when agriculture and trade flourished, revealed a variety of water installations some of which are in use today. Perennial springs in the Negev are generally small and difficult of access. Cisterns were the most common conservation devices and came in both large, enclosed and single, open forms. Cisterns were common particularly in the towns, where they were usually built as part of house foundations. Dams were discovered at several sites but proved to be inefficient and easily abandoned because of evaporation and siltation problems. Public reservoirs were part of the structure of the largest towns and were open and among the larges structures uncovered at settlement sites. Wells were distributed widely throughout the desert and were part of the only conservation system that did not depend directly on surface rainfall. A qanat system was located in the eastern Negev dating from the late settlement period before the area was abandoned at the turn of the eighth century. These various water systems raise questions about their builders and their origins, and suggests that builders originating in more humid Mediterranean environments tended to produce less adaptable installations than builders derived from the south or the east. |
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0305-7488 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Rubin1988229 |
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262 |
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