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Author |
Schwiede, M.; Duijnisveld, W.H.M.; Böttcher, J. |
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Title  |
Investigation of processes leading to nitrate enrichment in soils in the Kalahari Region, Botswana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
712-716 |
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Keywords |
Nitrate, Arenosol soils, Semi-arid, Kalahari, Cattle, Chloride, Travel time |
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Abstract |
In Southern Africa elevated nitrate concentrations are observed in mostly uninhabited semi-arid areas. In the Kalahari of Botswana groundwater locally exhibits concentrations up to 600mg/l. It is assumed, that nitrate found in the groundwater originates mainly from nitrogen input and transformations in the soils. Our investigations in the Kalahari between Serowe and Orapa show that cattle raising is an important source for enhanced nitrate concentrations in the soils (Arenosols). But also in termite mounds very high nitrate stocks were found, and under natural vegetation (acacia trees and shrubs) nitrate concentrations were mostly unexpectedly high. This nitrate enrichment in the soils poses a serious threat to the groundwater quality. However, calculated soil water age distributions in the unsaturated zone clearly show that today’s nitrate pollution of the groundwater below the investigation area could originate from natural sources, but cannot be caused by the current land use for cattle raising. |
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1474-7065 |
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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and the Millennium Development Goals: Managing Water for Peace and Prosperity |
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no |
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Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ Schwiede2005712 |
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276 |
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Author |
Mahindawansha, A.; Külls, C.; Kraft, P.; Breuer, L. |
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Title |
Investigating unproductive water losses from irrigated agricultural crops in the humid tropics through analyses of stable isotopes of water |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
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24 |
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7 |
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3627-3642 |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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yes |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mahindawansha2020investigating |
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14 |
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Abadi, B.; Sadeghfam, S.; Ehsanitabar, A.; Nadiri, A.A. |
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Title |
Investigating socio-economic and hydrological sustainability of ancient Qanat water systems in arid regions of central Iran |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
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23 |
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100988 |
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Keywords |
Ancient irrigation, QWSs, GIS, Indigenous knowledge, Maintenance, Distribution |
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The Qanat water systems (QWSs), the ancient water engineering systems in Iran belonging to the very distant past, have harvested groundwater from drainages to convey it toward the surface with no use of energy. The present article highlights the socio-economic aspects of the sustainability of the QWSs and gives a satisfactory explanation of why the QWSs should be restored. In doing so, we subscribe to the view that indigenous and scientific knowledge should be incorporated. The former serves to tackle the restoration of the QWSs, the latter contributes to the distribution of water into the farmlands as efficiently as possible. Measured by (a) resilience, (b) reliability, (c) vulnerability, and (d) sustainability, the GIS technique made clear the performance of the QWSs has, therefore, the worst condition observed in terms of resiliency; the best condition observed concerning the vulnerability. Moreover, the QWSs have intermediate performance in terms of reliability. Finally, the sustainability index (SI) classifies the QWSs into different bands, which provide explicit support to take priority of the selection of the QWSs for restoration. In conclusion, a theoretical framework has been drawn to keep the QWSs sustainable. |
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2352-801x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Abadi2023100988 |
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268 |
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Author |
Vushe, A.; Amutenya, M. |
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Title |
Investigating nitrate retention capacity, elementary and mineral composition of Kalahari sandy soils at Mashare farm in Namibia, Okavango river basin |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific African |
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6 |
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Pages |
00193 |
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Keywords |
Irrigated field, Cultivated Kalahari sandy soil, Leaching, Nitrate retention capacity, Quartz mineral, Water saturated |
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Kalahari sands which cover a large part of Southern Africa and extend into Central Africa are infertile and marginal soils for intensive agriculture. Therefore, high nitrogen fertilisation rates may degrade ecosystems of rivers with catchments covered by the Kalahari sands. A study on Mashare Farm located in the Okavango River basin showed that irrigated Kalahari sandy soils had a nitrate retention capacity, which enabled the soil to resist nitrate leaching in water saturated conditions. The irrigated soils were modified by agricultural activities; hence this study investigated if uncultivated and cultivated Kalahari sand soils had similar nitrate retention properties. The elementary composition of the soils was investigated for obtaining an insight into chemical properties that may be causing the nitrate retention capacity. A permeameter was used to leach out nitrates from irrigated and uncultivated soil samples, and nitrate concentrations were measured on the leaching effluent from the permeameter. Elemental analysis was done on the cultivated and the uncultivated soil samples using a Scanning Electron Microscope, a portable X-Ray Fluorescence analyzer, and an X-Ray Diffraction machine, and the later was also used for crystalline structure analyses. Sieve analyses confirmed that the Mashare’s cultivated and uncultivated topsoils were similar, and both were similar to Botswana Kalahari topsoil. The irrigated and cultivated subsoil had a higher average nitrate retention capacity of 76% compared to 73% for the uncultivated subsoil. Both samples had the same elements, although the proportions were different. Both soil samples were dominated by a quartz mineral, but the field soil had traces of palygorskite. The presence of aluminum and transition metals outside the minerals structure, but as coatings on the quartz sand grains enhanced nitrate retention capacity properties of the Kalahari sand soils. |
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2468-2276 |
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no |
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Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ VUSHE2019e00193 |
Serial |
277 |
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Author |
Klaus, J.; Külls, C. |
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Title |
Integrating residence time data in mixing cell modeling-Application to the Lower Kuiseb Dune area |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
EGU Geophysical Abstracts |
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11026 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Klaus2009integrating |
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54 |
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Author |
Rossetto, R.; Filippis, G.D.; Borsi, I.; Foglia, L.; Cannata, M.; Criollo, R.; Vázquez-Suñé, E. |
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Title |
Integrating free and open source tools and distributed modelling codes in GIS environment for data-based groundwater management |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Environmental Modelling & Software |
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107 |
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210-230 |
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Free and Open Source Software, FREEWAT, Groundwater management, ICT, MODFLOW, QGIS |
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Abstract |
Integrating advanced simulation techniques and data analysis tools in a freeware Geographic Information System (GIS) provides a valuable contribution to the management of conjunctive use of groundwater (the world’s largest freshwater resource) and surface-water. To this aim, we describe here the FREEWAT (FREE and open source software tools for WATer resource management) platform. FREEWAT is a free and open source, QGIS-integrated interface for planning and management of water resources, with specific attention to groundwater. The FREEWAT platform couples the power of GIS geo-processing and post-processing tools in spatial data analysis with that of process-based simulation models. The FREEWAT environment allows storage of large spatial datasets, data management and visualization, and running of several distributed modelling codes (mainly belonging to the MODFLOW family). It simulates hydrologic and transport processes, and provides a database framework and visualization capabilities for hydrochemical analysis. Examples of real case study applications are provided. |
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1364-8152 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ rossetto_integrating_2018 |
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92 |
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Author |
Külls, C.; Nunes, A.; Köbel-Batista, M.; Branquinho, C.; Bianconi, N.; Costantini, E. |
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Integrated use of soil physical and water isotope methods for ecohydrological characterization of desertified areas |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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EGU Geophysical Abstracts |
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15430 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Kuells2014integrated |
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46 |
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Author |
Döll, P.; Krol, M.; Fuhr, D.; Gaiser, T.; Herfort, J.; Höynck, S.; Jaeger, A.; Külls, C.; Mendiondo, E.M.; Printz, A.; others |
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Title |
Integrated scenarios of regional development in Ceará and Piauí |
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2003 |
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Global Change and Regional Impacts |
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19-41 |
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Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Doll2003integrated |
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39 |
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Author |
French, K. |
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Title |
Indigenous knowledge, water management, and learning from our collective past |
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2022 |
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Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |
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68 |
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101466 |
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0278-4165 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ French2022101466 |
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253 |
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Author |
Musy, S.; Meyzonnat, G.; Barbecot, F.; Hunkeler, D.; Sültenfuss, J.; Solomon, D.K.; Purtschert, R. |
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Title |
In-situ sampling for krypton-85 groundwater dating |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Journal of Hydrology X |
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11 |
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100075 |
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Noble gases, Tracers, Groundwater, Dating, Sampling Methodology |
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Krypton-85 and other radioactive noble gases are widely used for groundwater dating purposes. 85Kr analysis require large volumes of water to reach the analytical requirements. Conventionally, this water is pumped to the surface to be degassed with a gas extraction system. The large pumping rate may disturb the natural flow field and requires substantial field logistics. Hence, we propose a new in-situ degassing method, in which membrane contactors are used to degas the groundwater directly in the well and gas is collected at the surface. This way, field work is facilitated, groundwater system disturbance is minimized, and the gas sample is collected at a specific depth. We demonstrate the tightness of the system regarding atmospheric air contamination for a collection times of 24 h, which is sufficient for both low-level counting and laser-based counting methods for 85Kr. The minimal borehole diameter is 7.5 cm for the prototype presented in this research but can easily be reduced to smaller diameters. In a case study, we compare the results obtained with the new passive method with those from a conventional packer setup sampling. Additionally, 3H/3He samples were collected for both sampling regimes and the dating results were compared with those from 85Kr. A good agreement between tracer ages is demonstrated and the age stratigraphy is consistent with the expected age distribution for a porous unconfined aquifer. In addition, our study emphasizes the differences between the age information sampled with various methods. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the new in situ quasi-passive method provides a more representative age stratigraphy with depth in most cases. |
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2589-9155 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Musy2021100075 |
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215 |
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