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Ubierna, J.A.J. |
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Title  |
Tunnel heritage in Spain: Roots of the underground |
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1998 |
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Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology |
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13 |
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2 |
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131-141 |
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Spain has deep roots in the underground. The territory of myth and legend, of cave and tunnel, has existed in Spain since that ancient time overwhelmed with shreds of fog, where all was myth around heros like Túbal Hércules, Gárgoris and Abidis. The underground evokes strong links with life and death, light and darkness, and has served as a source of inspiration for art through the centuries. The history of tunnels in Spain reflects the mosaic of cultures that have inhabited Iberia from prehistoric times till today. This contribution on the subterranean History of Spain traces the country’s heritage in the form of natural caves, troglodyte dwellings, mining, crypts, galleries in fortresses and castles, aqueducts, qanats, cellars, and other landmarks. |
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0886-7798 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Ubierna1998131 |
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260 |
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Author |
YI, Z.-ji; LIAN, B.; YANG, Y.-qun; ZOU, J.-ling |
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Title |
Treatment of simulated wastewater from in situ leaching uranium mining by zerovalent iron and sulfate reducing bacteria |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China |
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19 |
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840 |
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basification, sulfate, sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), uranium, wastewater, zerovalent iron (ZVI) |
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Batch and column experiments were conducted to determine whether zerovalent iron (ZVI) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can function synergistically and accelerate pollutant removal. Batch experiments suggest that combining ZVI with SRB can enhance the removal of U(?) synergistically. The removal rate of U(?) in the ZVI+SRB combining system is obviously higher than the total rate of ZVI system and SRB system with a difference of 13.4% at t=2 h and 29.9% at t=4 h. Column experiments indicate that the reactor filled with both ZVI and SRB biofilms is of better performance than the SRB bioreactor in wastewater basification, desulfurization and U(?) fixation. The results imply that the ZVI+SRB permeable reactive barrier may be a promising method for treating subsurface uranium contamination. |
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1003-6326 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ yi_treatment_2009 |
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206 |
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Remmington, G. |
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Title |
Transforming tradition: The aflaj and changing role of traditional knowledge systems for collective water management |
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2018 |
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Journal of Arid Environments |
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151 |
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134-140 |
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Collective action, Subterranean tunnel-wells, , Traditional knowledge, Hydraulic heritage |
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Living in a harsh, desert climate, Omani rural communities have developed locally-appropriate knowledge to deal with water scarcity. Similar to the qanat, the aflaj taps into the natural water table and uses a gravity system to channel water through underground channels to villages. Traditional techniques of water management, such as the aflaj, represents a way of adapting to and coping with difficult climates which have persisted for millennia. However, knowledge systems have often ‘decayed’ with the onset of modernity. These management systems, which developed concurrently with early Omani date palm cultivation, have defined customary and hereditary water rights which are in decline. This article uses Ostrom’s Common Pool Resource (CPR) framework, which prioritises the collective management of shared resources to maximise the benefit for all involved and avoid diminishing benefits that are created by the pursuit of individual goals. Using this framework, this article’s evaluation of the literature found that traditional aflaj management systems have a great capacity to evolve and, therefore, the aflaj represents both a dying system, and a potential for climate adaptation. Historically, aflaj have been managed by ancient water users associations, which provide social controls and govern usage norms. The findings of this review are that the aflaj system’s ability to respond to pressures of modernity from competing institutions, including markets, and embedded social capital mechanisms will influence its capacity to mitigate uncertain hydrology and climate. This article suggests ways in which the management of the aflaj can adapt to a multiple institutional framework to ‘transform’ collective water management. |
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0140-1963 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Remmington2018134 |
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258 |
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Nijsten, G.-J.; Christelis, G.; Villholth, K.G.; Braune, E.; Gaye, C.B. |
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Transboundary aquifers of Africa: Review of the current state of knowledge and progress towards sustainable development and management |
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2018 |
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Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
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20 |
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21-34 |
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Africa, Assessment, Governance, Indicators, Transboundary aquifers |
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Study region Transboundary aquifers (TBAs) of Africa. Study focus Review of work on TBAs in Africa, including an overview of assessments and management efforts that have taken place over the last half century. New hydrological insights Seventy-two TBAs have been mapped in Africa. They underlie 40% of the continent, where 33% of the population lives, often in arid or semi-arid regions. TBA inventories have progressed since 2000 and remain work in progress. Despite their importance only eleven TBAs have been subjected to more detailed studies. Cooperation has been formalised for seven TBAs. Most of these TBAs are in North Africa and the Sahel. The recent global Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme compiled information at the national level to describe TBAs in terms of key indicators related to the water resource, socio-economic, and legal and institutional conditions. Availability of data at national level is low, hampering regional assessment. Comparing indicators, from questionnaire surveys, with those from a global water-use model showed variable levels of agreement, calling for further research. Reports on agreements scoping TBA management, indicate that this may be dealt with within international river/lake agreements, but reported inconsistencies between TBA sharing countries also indicate that implementation is limited. Increasing awareness and support to joint TBA management is noticeable amongst international organisations. However, such cooperation requires long-term commitment to produce impacts at the local level. |
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2214-5818 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ nijsten_transboundary_2018 |
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93 |
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Müller, M.; Alaoui, A.; Külls, C.; Leistert, H.; Meusburger, K.; Stumpp, C.; Weiler, M.; Alewell, C. |
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Tracking water pathways in steep hillslopes by δ18O depth profiles of soil water |
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2014 |
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Journal of hydrology |
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519 |
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340-352 |
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Elsevier |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mueller2014tracking |
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20 |
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