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Author |
Pisa, P.F.; Nehren, U.; Sebesvari, Z.; Rai, S.; Wong, I. |
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Title |
Chapter 17 – Nature-based solutions to reduce risks and build resilience in mountain regions |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Safeguarding Mountain Social-Ecological Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
115-126 |
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Keywords |
Nature-based solutions, mountains, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, ecosystem services, SDGs |
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Abstract |
Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as effective environmental-management measures to address societal challenges such as climate change, water and food security, and disaster risk reduction, thus contributing to human well-being and protecting biodiversity. In addition to being particularly susceptible to these challenges, mountain areas are prone to multihazard conditions, due to their steep topography and particular climatic conditions. NbS can contribute greatly to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. This chapter presents examples of NbS in mountain areas around the globe that demonstrate how this approach contributes to achieving sustainable development. |
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Elsevier |
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Schneiderbauer, S.; Pisa, P.F.; Shroder, J.F.; Szarzynski, J. |
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978-0-12-822095-5 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Fontanellapisa2024115 |
Serial |
263 |
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Author |
Mekuria, W.; Tegegne, D. |
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Title |
Water harvesting |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Second Edition) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
593-607 |
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Keywords |
Climate change, Ecosystem services, Environmental benefits, Population growth, Resilient community, Resilient environment, Socio-economic benefits, Urbanizations, Water harvesting, Water quality, Water security |
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Abstract |
Water harvesting is the intentional collection and concentration of rainwater and runoff to offset irrigation demands. Secondary benefits include decreased flood and erosion risk. Water harvesting techniques include micro- and macro-catchment systems, floodwater harvesting, and rooftop and groundwater harvesting. The techniques vary with catchment type and size, and the method of water storage. Micro-catchment water harvesting, for example, requires the development of small structures and targets increased water delivery and storage to the root zone whereas macro-catchment systems collect runoff water from large areas. The sustainability of water harvesting techniques at the local level are usually constrained by several factors such as labor, construction costs, loss of productive land, and maintenance, suggesting that multiple solutions are required to sustain the benefits of water harvesting techniques. |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Goss, M.J.; Oliver, M. |
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978-0-323-95133-3 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mekuria2023593 |
Serial |
225 |
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Author |
Mekuria, W.; Tegegne, D. |
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Title |
Water harvesting |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Second Edition) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
593-607 |
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Keywords |
Climate change, Ecosystem services, Environmental benefits, Population growth, Resilient community, Resilient environment, Socio-economic benefits, Urbanizations, Water harvesting, Water quality, Water security |
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Abstract |
Water harvesting is the intentional collection and concentration of rainwater and runoff to offset irrigation demands. Secondary benefits include decreased flood and erosion risk. Water harvesting techniques include micro- and macro-catchment systems, floodwater harvesting, and rooftop and groundwater harvesting. The techniques vary with catchment type and size, and the method of water storage. Micro-catchment water harvesting, for example, requires the development of small structures and targets increased water delivery and storage to the root zone whereas macro-catchment systems collect runoff water from large areas. The sustainability of water harvesting techniques at the local level are usually constrained by several factors such as labor, construction costs, loss of productive land, and maintenance, suggesting that multiple solutions are required to sustain the benefits of water harvesting techniques. |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
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Goss, M.J.; Oliver, M. |
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978-0-323-95133-3 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mekuria2023593 |
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265 |
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Author |
Tanwer, N.; Arora, V.; Kant, K.; Singh, B.; Laura, J.S.; Khosla, B. |
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Title |
Chapter 17 – Prevalence of Uranium in groundwater of rural and urban regions of India |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Water Resources Management for Rural Development |
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Pages |
213-234 |
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Keywords |
Distribution, Heath impacts, Remediation techniques, Sources, Uranium |
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Abstract |
Abnormally high uranium (U) prevalence in groundwater is a neoteric subject of concern throughout the world because of its direct impact on human health and well-being. Groundwater is used as the most preferred choice for drinking because of its good quality and ease of availability in rural and urban parts of India, and also in different parts of the world. India is an agriculture-dominant country and its 50–80% irrigational requirement is met by groundwater, besides this nearly 90% of rural and 50% of urban water needs are fulfilled by groundwater. The uranium concentration in groundwater in different parts of India namely Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, etc. found to be varying from 0 mg/L to 1443 mg/L, and in different parts of the world, it is found up to 1400 mg/L in the countries like United States, Canada, Finland, Mongolia, Nigeria, South Korea, Pakistan, Burundi, China, Afghanistan, etc. Various natural factors such as geology, hydro-geochemistry, and prevailing conditions as well as anthropogenic factors including mining, nuclear activities, erratic use of fertilizers, and overexploitation of groundwater resources are responsible for adding uranium in groundwater. Groundwater is considered a primary source of uranium ingestion in human beings as it contributes 85% while food contributes 15%. Uranium affects living beings as a two-way sword, being a radioactive element, causing radiotoxicity, and on the other hand as a heavy metal, it causes chemotoxicity. The main target organs affected by the consumption of uranium-contaminated water are kidneys, bones, lungs, etc. It can cause renal failure, impair cell functioning and bone growth, and mutation in DNA. Although, its toxic effects, being a heavy metal, are more severe than its radiotoxicity. Various techniques are available for the efficient removal of uranium from the groundwater such as bioremediation, nanotechnology-enhanced remediation, adsorption, filtration, etc. This chapter entails a comprehensive investigation of uranium contamination in groundwater of rural and urban parts of India their probable sources, health impacts, treatment, and mitigation techniques available to manage groundwater resources. |
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Elsevier |
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Madhav, S.; Srivastav, A.L.; Izah, S.C.; Hullebusch, E. van |
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978-0-443-18778-0 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ madhav_chapter_2024 |
Serial |
152 |
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Author |
Etschmann, B.; Liu, W.; Li, K.; Dai, S.; Reith, F.; Falconer, D.; Kerr, G.; Paterson, D.; Howard, D.; Kappen, P.; Wykes, J.; Brugger, J. |
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Title |
Enrichment of germanium and associated arsenic and tungsten in coal and roll-front uranium deposits |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Chemical Geology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
463 |
Issue |
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Pages |
29-49 |
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Keywords |
Arsenic, Coal, EXAFS and XANES, germanium, Hydrothermal fluids, Metallogenesis, Speciation, Tungsten |
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Abstract |
Most of the World’s germanium (Ge) is mined from Ge-rich lignite, where it is commonly associated with elevated arsenic (As), tungsten (W) and beryllium (Be) contents. Over the past decade, new evidence showing that World-class Ge deposits result from the interaction of hydrothermal fluids with organic matter in coal seams has emerged. Yet, the chemical state of Ge and associated metals in lignite remains poorly understood. We used Mega-pixel Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence (MSXRF), X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) to characterize the oxidation states and chemical bonding environment of Ge, As, and W in two world-class Mesozoic Ge-in-lignite deposits (Lincang, Yunnan, southwestern China; Wulantuga, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China); in lignite-bearing uranium (U) ores from the Beverley deposit (South Australia) hosted in Eocene sandstones; and in lignite and preserved wood in late Oligocene-Miocene fluviatile sediments (Gore, Southland, New Zealand). The aim was to improve our understanding of the enrichment mechanism of Ge in lignite and better evaluate the environmental mobility of Ge and some of the associated metals (specifically As and W) in lignite ores. In all samples, chemical maps show that Ge is distributed homogeneously (down to 2μm) within the organic matter. XANES and EXAFS data show that Ge exists in the tetravalent oxidation state and in a distorted octahedral coordination with O, consistent with complexing of Ge by organic ligands. In some pyrite-bearing samples, a minor fraction of Ge is also present as Ge(IV) in association with pyrite. In contrast, As displays a more complex speciation pattern, sometimes even in a single sample, including As(III), As(V), and As(−I/+II) in solid solution in sulfides. Arsenic in sulfides occurs in anionic and cationic forms, i.e., it shows both the common substitution for S22− and the substitution for Fe recently discovered in some hydrothermal pyrites. Tungsten was present as W(VI) in distorted octahedral (3+3) coordination. The EXAFS data confirm the absence or minor contribution of individual W-rich minerals such as scheelite or ferberite to W mass balance in the studied samples. These data show that Ge, W, and probably some As are scavenged via formation of insoluble, oxygen-bridged metal organic complexes in lignite. Destruction of the organic ligands responsible for fixing Ge and W (As) in these lignites is required for liberating the metals, e.g. from waste materials. Geochemical modelling suggests that Ge, W, Be and As all can be extracted from granitic rocks by dilute, low temperature hydrothermal fluids. Germanium is transported mainly as the tetrahedral Ge(OH)4(aq) complex, but fixed as an octahedral oxy-bridged organic complex. The same situation is valid for W, which is transported at the tetrahedral tungstate ion, but most likely scavenged via formation of a 6-coordinated metal-organic species. The Ge-Be-W±As association in Ge-rich coals reflects the source of the metals as well as related scavenging mechanisms. |
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0009-2541 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ etschmann_enrichment_2017 |
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183 |
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