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Hayes-Rich, E.; Levy, J.; Hayes-Rich, N.; Lightfoot, D.; Gauthier, Y. |
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Title |
Searching for hidden waters: The effectiveness of remote sensing in assessing the distribution and status of a traditional, earthen irrigation system (khettara) in Morocco |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |
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51 |
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104175 |
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Keywords |
Remote sensing, Satellite imagery, , Morocco, Traditional irrigation, Archaeology, Water management |
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Abstract |
This paper presents the results of a multi-year, interdisciplinary project that aimed to assess the holistic status of the khettara system in Morocco. The khettara (also known as qanat) is a traditional, earthen water management system. Historically the system was used for settlement in regions without access to reliable surface water. It is both a world and local heritage structure, found in rural and urban regions throughout 46 countries. Recent evaluations of this traditional system have advocated for its preservation and use in arid and semi-arid regions, as modern technologies (pump wells, industrial dams, drip irrigation, etc.) have proven to be unsustainable. This project evaluates remote sensing as a tool for assessing the distribution and status of the khettara in Morocco. The results of this project demonstrate that (1) the khettara system played a large role in the historic settlement of arid and semi-arid regions, and (2) the system continues to be an important part of agriculture and life in many oases across Morocco. |
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2352-409x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Hayesrich2023104175 |
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256 |
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Author |
Carrión, A.; Fornes, A. |
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Title |
Underground medieval water distribution network in a Spanish town |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology |
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51 |
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90-97 |
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Keywords |
Water distribution, Underground cistern, Medieval tunnel |
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The city of Alcudia de Crespins, in the centre of the Valencia province (east of Spain), has an exceptional water distribution system that in the past served fresh water to many houses in the town. This system is formed by more than one km of tunnels and underground cisterns, and dates probably in the late medieval times, while it has been in use and suffering modifications until 1955. This paper presents the structure and characteristics of such exceptional system, and explains the functioning parameters of the infrastructure. |
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0886-7798 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Carrion201690 |
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264 |
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Zeng, S.; Shen, Y.; Sun, B.; Zhang, N.; Zhang, S.; Feng, S. |
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Title |
Pore structure evolution characteristics of sandstone uranium ore during acid leaching |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Nuclear Engineering and Technology |
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53 |
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12 |
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4033-4041 |
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Acid method, In situ leaching, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Pore characteristic, Sandstone uranium ore |
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To better understand the permeability of uranium sandstone, improve the leaching rate of uranium, and explore the change law of pore structure characteristics and blocking mechanism during leaching, we systematically analyzed the microstructure of acid-leaching uranium sandstone. We investigated the variable rules of pore structure characteristics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed the following: (1) The uranium concentration change followed the exponential law during uranium deposits acid leaching. After 24 h, the uranium leaching rate reached 50%. The uranium leaching slowed gradually over the next 4 days. (2) Combined with the regularity of porosity variation, Stages I and II included chemical plugging controlled by surface reaction. Stage I was the major completion phase of uranium displacement with saturation precipitation of calcium sulfate. Stage II mainly precipitated iron (III) oxide-hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. Stage III involved physical clogging controlled by diffusion. (3) In the three stages of leaching, the permeability of the leaching solution changed with the pore structure, which first decreased, then increased, and then decreased. |
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1738-5733 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ zeng_pore_2021 |
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199 |
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Author |
Zeng, S.; Shen, Y.; Sun, B.; Tan, K.; Zhang, S.; Ye, W. |
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Title |
Fractal kinetic characteristics of uranium leaching from low permeability uranium-bearing sandstone |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Nuclear Engineering and Technology |
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Volume |
54 |
Issue |
4 |
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1175-1184 |
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Keywords |
Fractal characteristics, In-situ leaching, Leaching kinetics, Pore structure, Uranium mine |
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The pore structure of uranium-bearing sandstone is one of the critical factors that affect the uranium leaching performance. In this article, uranium-bearing sandstone from the Yili Basin, Xinjiang, China, was taken as the research object. The fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone were studied using mercury intrusion experiments and fractal theory, and the fractal dimension of the uranium-bearing sandstone was calculated. In addition, the effect of the fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone on the uranium leaching kinetics was studied. Then, the kinetics was analyzed using a shrinking nuclear model, and it was determined that the rate of uranium leaching is mainly controlled by the diffusion reaction, and the dissolution rate constant (K) is linearly related to the pore specific surface fractal dimension (DS) and the pore volume fractal dimension (DV). Eventually, fractal kinetic models for predicting the in-situ leaching kinetics were established using the unreacted shrinking core model, and the linear relationship between the fractal dimension of the sample’s pore structure and the dissolution rate during the leaching was fitted. |
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1738-5733 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ zeng_fractal_2022 |
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193 |
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Liu, Z.; Tan, K.; Li, C.; Li, Y.; Zhang, C.; Song, J.; Liu, L. |
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Title |
Geochemical and S isotopic studies of pollutant evolution in groundwater after acid in situ leaching in a uranium mine area in Xinjiang |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
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Nuclear Engineering and Technology |
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55 |
Issue |
4 |
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1476-1484 |
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Keywords |
Acid in situ leaching of uranium, Pollution evolution, Sulfate elimination, Sulfur isotopes analysis |
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Laboratory experiments and point monitoring of reservoir sediments have proven that stable sulfate reduction (SSR) can lower the concentrations of toxic metals and sulfate in acidic groundwater for a long time. Here, we hypothesize that SSR occurred during in situ leaching after uranium mining, which can impact the fate of acid groundwater in an entire region. To test this, we applied a sulfur isotope fractionation method to analyze the mechanism for natural attenuation of contaminated groundwater produced by acid in situ leaching of uranium (Xinjiang, China). The results showed that δ34S increased over time after the cessation of uranium mining, and natural attenuation caused considerable, area-scale immobilization of sulfur corresponding to retention levels of 5.3%–48.3% while simultaneously decreasing the concentration of uranium. Isotopic evidence for SSR in the area, together with evidence for changes of pollutant concentrations, suggest that area-scale SSR is most likely also important at other acid mining sites for uranium, where retention of acid groundwater may be strengthened through natural attenuation. To recapitulate, the sulfur isotope fractionation method constitutes a relatively accurate tool for quantification of spatiotemporal trends for groundwater during migration and transformation resulting from acid in situ leaching of uranium in northern China. |
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1738-5733 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ liu_geochemical_2023 |
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192 |
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