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Klaus, J.; Zehe, E.; Elsner, M.; Külls, C.; McDonnell, J.J. |
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Title |
Macropore flow of old water revisited: experimental insights from a tile-drained hillslope |
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2013 |
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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
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17 |
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1 |
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103 |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Klaus2013macropore |
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23 |
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Author |
Sardo, M.S.; Jalalkamali, N. |
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Title |
A system dynamic approach for reservoir impact assessment on groundwater aquifer considering climate change scenario |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
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Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
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17 |
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100754 |
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System dynamics, Water resources management, Vensim, Management scenarios |
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With its arid and semi-arid climate, Iran claims about one-third of the world’s average annual precipitation. Accordingly, the present study investigated whether an effective water resources management (WRM) strategy (both groundwater and reservoir resources) could reduce groundwater drawdown while simultaneously providing secure enough water for preservation of agricultural activities and rural settlements. For this purpose, a comprehensive system dynamics (SD) model incorporating reservoir, surface-water, and groundwater resources was developed. Then, the model was implemented for the Nesa plain in Bam County, Iran, as an example. In this plain, the construction of a dam to supply drinking water to the cities of Bam and the Bam Industrial Zone had devastated the environment and human communities in the downstream areas, leading to the depopulation of as many as 104 villages in the Bam region. The results of the SD model revealed that the artificial recharge of the plain groundwater aquifer along with the management of the operation of the wells and increasing productivity would be very effective. In order to estimate future precipitation data, the SDSM statistical exponential microscale model was used to microscale the large CanESM2 scale model under two scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The continuation of the current trend of the groundwater resources in the plain during the next 20 years will also cause a drop in water level of 8.3 m compared with the existing situation and a reduction of 41 m compared with the long-term average of 1980. Based on this modeling effort, upon releasing 60% of river flow, surplus to downstream demand, for recharging aquifer through artificial recharge projects, the rate of water table fall will decline significantly over a 20-year period and the amount of negative aquifer water balance would most likely improve from 65.5 to 35.17 million cubic meters annually. |
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2352-801x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Shahrokhisardo2022100754 |
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266 |
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Author |
Gasse, F. |
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Title |
Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Quaternary Science Reviews |
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19 |
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1 |
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189-211 |
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Paleohydrological data from the African tropics and subtropics, including lake, groundwater and speleothem records, are reviewed to show how environments and climates from both hemispheres are inter-related. Although orbitally induced changes in the monsoon strength account for a large part of long-term climatic changes in tropical Africa, the Late Pleistocene–Holocene hydrological fluctuations rather appear to have been a series of abrupt events that reflect complex interactions between orbital forcing, atmosphere, ocean and land surface conditions. During the Last Glacial Maximum (23–18ka BP), most records indicate that generally dry conditions have prevailed in both hemispheres, associated with lower tropical land- and sea-surface temperatures. This agrees with simulations using coupled ocean–atmosphere models, which predict cooling and reduced summer precipitation in tropical Africa; the global hydrological cycle was weaker than today when the extent of large polar ice-sheets and sea-ice was a prominent forcing factor of the Earth’s climate. Glacial-interglacial climatic changes started early: a first wetting/warming phase at ca. 17–16ka BP took place during a period of rapid temperature increase in Antarctica. Next, two drastic arid-humid transitions in equatorial and northern Africa occurred around 15–14.5ka BP and 11.5–11ka BP. Both are thought to match the major Greenland warming events, in concert with the switching of the oceanic thermohaline circulation to modern mode. However, part of the climatic signal after 15 ka BP also seems related to the Antarctica climate. During the Holocene, Africa has also experienced rapid hydrological fluctuations of dramatic magnitude compared to the climatic changes at high latitudes. In particular, major dry spells occurred around 8.4–8ka and 4.2–4ka BP in the northern monsoon domain. Comparison with other parts of the world indicates that these events have a worldwide distribution but different regional expressions. In the absence of large polar ice sheets, changes in the continental hydrological cycles in the tropics may have a significant impact on the global climate system. Climate information gathered here allows to identify geographical and methodological gaps, and raise some scientific questions that remain to be solved to better understand how the tropics respond to changes in major climate-forcing factors, and how they influence climate globally. |
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0277-3791 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ gasse_hydrological_2000 |
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96 |
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YI, Z.-ji; LIAN, B.; YANG, Y.-qun; ZOU, J.-ling |
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Treatment of simulated wastewater from in situ leaching uranium mining by zerovalent iron and sulfate reducing bacteria |
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2009 |
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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China |
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19 |
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840 |
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basification, sulfate, sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), uranium, wastewater, zerovalent iron (ZVI) |
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Batch and column experiments were conducted to determine whether zerovalent iron (ZVI) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can function synergistically and accelerate pollutant removal. Batch experiments suggest that combining ZVI with SRB can enhance the removal of U(?) synergistically. The removal rate of U(?) in the ZVI+SRB combining system is obviously higher than the total rate of ZVI system and SRB system with a difference of 13.4% at t=2 h and 29.9% at t=4 h. Column experiments indicate that the reactor filled with both ZVI and SRB biofilms is of better performance than the SRB bioreactor in wastewater basification, desulfurization and U(?) fixation. The results imply that the ZVI+SRB permeable reactive barrier may be a promising method for treating subsurface uranium contamination. |
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1003-6326 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ yi_treatment_2009 |
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206 |
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Nijsten, G.-J.; Christelis, G.; Villholth, K.G.; Braune, E.; Gaye, C.B. |
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Title |
Transboundary aquifers of Africa: Review of the current state of knowledge and progress towards sustainable development and management |
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2018 |
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Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
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20 |
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21-34 |
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Africa, Assessment, Governance, Indicators, Transboundary aquifers |
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Study region Transboundary aquifers (TBAs) of Africa. Study focus Review of work on TBAs in Africa, including an overview of assessments and management efforts that have taken place over the last half century. New hydrological insights Seventy-two TBAs have been mapped in Africa. They underlie 40% of the continent, where 33% of the population lives, often in arid or semi-arid regions. TBA inventories have progressed since 2000 and remain work in progress. Despite their importance only eleven TBAs have been subjected to more detailed studies. Cooperation has been formalised for seven TBAs. Most of these TBAs are in North Africa and the Sahel. The recent global Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme compiled information at the national level to describe TBAs in terms of key indicators related to the water resource, socio-economic, and legal and institutional conditions. Availability of data at national level is low, hampering regional assessment. Comparing indicators, from questionnaire surveys, with those from a global water-use model showed variable levels of agreement, calling for further research. Reports on agreements scoping TBA management, indicate that this may be dealt with within international river/lake agreements, but reported inconsistencies between TBA sharing countries also indicate that implementation is limited. Increasing awareness and support to joint TBA management is noticeable amongst international organisations. However, such cooperation requires long-term commitment to produce impacts at the local level. |
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2214-5818 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ nijsten_transboundary_2018 |
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93 |
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