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| Author |
Stone, A.E.C.; Edmunds, W.M. |
| Title |
Naturally-high nitrate in unsaturated zone sand dunes above the Stampriet Basin, Namibia |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Arid Environments |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
105 |
Issue |
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Pages |
41-51 |
| Keywords |
Kalahari, Namibia, Nitrate in the unsaturated zone, Stampriet Basin, Transboundary basin, Unsaturated zone recharge |
| Abstract |
Elevated groundwater nitrate levels are common in drylands, often in excess of WHO guidelines, with concern for human and animal health. In light of recent attempts to identify nitrate sources in the Kalahari this paper presents the first unsaturated zone (USZ) nitrate profiles and recharge rate estimates for the important transboundary Stampriet Basin, alongside the first rainfall chemistry records. Elevated subsurface nitrate reaches 100–250 and 250–525 mg/L NO3–N, with NO3–N/Cl of 4–12, indicating input above evapotranspiration. Chloride mass balance recharge rates range from 4 to 27 mm/y, indicating a vertical movement of these nitrate pulses toward the water table over multi-decadal timescales. These profiles are sampled from dune crests, away from high concentrations of animals and without termite mounds. Given low-density animal grazing is unlikely to contribute consistent spot-scale nitrate over decades, these profiles give an initial estimate of naturally-produced concentrations. This insight is important for the management of the Stampriet Basin and wider Kalahari groundwater. This study expands our knowledge about elevated nitrate in dryland USZs, demonstrating that it can occur as pulses, probably in response to transient vegetation cover and that it is not limited to long-residence time USZs with very limited downward moisture flux (recharge). |
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0140-1963 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Stone201441 |
Serial |
279 |
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| Author |
Külls, C.; Jobin, J.; Weiler, M. |
| Title |
Environmental analytics for water carbon management: enable WCM: Schlussbericht |
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Report |
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2015 |
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Albert Ludwigs Universität, Professur für Hydrologie |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Kuells2015environmental |
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65 |
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Severi, A.; Masoudian, M.; Kordi, E.; Roettcher, K. |
| Title |
Discharge coefficient of combined-free over-under flow on a cylindrical weir-gate |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering |
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21 |
Issue |
1 |
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42-52 |
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Taylor & Francis |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ doi:10.1080/09715010.2014.939503 |
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88 |
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Kharaka, Y.; Harmon, R.; Darling, G. |
| Title |
W. Mike Edmunds (1941–2015) |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Applied Geochemistry |
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59 |
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225-226 |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ kharaka_w_2015 |
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103 |
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Silva, M.L. da; Bonotto, D.M. |
| Title |
Uranium isotopes in groundwater occurring at Amazonas State, Brazil |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Radiation and Isotopes |
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97 |
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24-33 |
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Amazon area, Dissolved uranium, Groundwater, Tube wells, U/U activity ratio |
| Abstract |
This paper reports the behavior of the dissolved U-isotopes 238U and 234U in groundwater providing from 15 cities in Amazonas State, Brazil. The isotope dilution technique accompanied by alpha spectrometry were utilized for acquiring the U content and 234U/238U activity ratio (AR) data, 0.01–1.4µgL−1 and 1.0–3.5, respectively. These results suggest that the water is circulating in a reducing environment and leaching strata containing minerals with low uranium concentration. A tendency to increasing ARs values following the groundwater flow direction is identified in Manaus city. The AR also increases according to the SW–NE directions: Uarini→Tefé; Manacapuru→Manaus; Presidente Figueiredo→São Sebastião do Uatumã; and Boa Vista do Ramos→Parintins. Such trends are possibly related to several factors, among them the increasing acid character of the waters. The waters analyzed are used for human consumption and the highest dissolved U content is much lower than the maximum established by the World Health Organization. Therefore, in view of this radiological parameter they can be used for drinking purposes. |
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0969-8043 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ silva_uranium_2015 |
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140 |
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