TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shams, A.
PY  - 2014//
TI  - A rediscovered-new ‘Qanat’ system in the High Mountains of Sinai Peninsula, with Levantine reflections
JO  - Journal of Arid Environments
SP  - 69
EP  - 74
VL  - 110
KW  - Foggara
KW  - Irrigation
KW  - Levant
KW  - Qanat
KW  - Sinai Peninsula
N2  - Since the Achaemenid Empire in 532–332 BCE, the ‘Qanat’ became the central irrigation system in the arid and semi-arid lands. Several terms are used for ‘Qanat’ in different regions, including the Karez, Qanat, Falaj type Daudi, Qanat Romani, Fuqara (Foggara), or Khettara as known in Central Asia, Persia, Southeast Arabia, Levant, North Africa, or Morocco respectively. Typically, the ground, spring or surface water (i.e. seasonal floods or river-fed) sources feed similar irrigation system. Based on thirteen years of extensive survey and analysis work (i.e. Sinai Peninsula Research 2000–2013 CE), this paper presents a rediscovered-new Qanat system in the High Mountains of Sinai Peninsula (i.e. UNESCO World Heritage Site ‘WHS’ no. 954) under chronological open question with Levantine reflections. In 1970s CE, the present Sinaitic site of Farsh Abu A’lwan or the anciently known Farsh Shamma’a was archaeologically surveyed without a direct reference to the Qanat system in-situ. Scientifically, it is an argumentative and unique Qanat system in terms of chronology, location (region), site (local-setting), water source, size and household utility. It is the only discovered ‘Qanat’ across the Sinai, connecting the Near East and North Africa.
SN  - 0140-1963
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196314001499
N1  - exported from refbase (http://www.uhydro.de/base/show.php?record=248), last updated on Thu, 01 Feb 2024 22:06:37 +0100
ID  - Shams2014
ER  -