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Author |
Remmington, G. |
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Title |
Transforming tradition: The aflaj and changing role of traditional knowledge systems for collective water management |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Journal of Arid Environments |
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151 |
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134-140 |
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Keywords |
Collective action, Subterranean tunnel-wells, , Traditional knowledge, Hydraulic heritage |
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Abstract  |
Living in a harsh, desert climate, Omani rural communities have developed locally-appropriate knowledge to deal with water scarcity. Similar to the qanat, the aflaj taps into the natural water table and uses a gravity system to channel water through underground channels to villages. Traditional techniques of water management, such as the aflaj, represents a way of adapting to and coping with difficult climates which have persisted for millennia. However, knowledge systems have often ‘decayed’ with the onset of modernity. These management systems, which developed concurrently with early Omani date palm cultivation, have defined customary and hereditary water rights which are in decline. This article uses Ostrom’s Common Pool Resource (CPR) framework, which prioritises the collective management of shared resources to maximise the benefit for all involved and avoid diminishing benefits that are created by the pursuit of individual goals. Using this framework, this article’s evaluation of the literature found that traditional aflaj management systems have a great capacity to evolve and, therefore, the aflaj represents both a dying system, and a potential for climate adaptation. Historically, aflaj have been managed by ancient water users associations, which provide social controls and govern usage norms. The findings of this review are that the aflaj system’s ability to respond to pressures of modernity from competing institutions, including markets, and embedded social capital mechanisms will influence its capacity to mitigate uncertain hydrology and climate. This article suggests ways in which the management of the aflaj can adapt to a multiple institutional framework to ‘transform’ collective water management. |
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0140-1963 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Remmington2018134 |
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258 |
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Saini, K.; Singh, P.; Bajwa, B.S. |
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Title |
Comparative statistical analysis of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of uranium in groundwater samples from different regions of Punjab, India |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Applied Radiation and Isotopes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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118 |
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196-202 |
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Carcinogenic, Groundwater, LED fluorimeter, Uranium |
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Abstract |
LED flourimeter has been used for microanalysis of uranium concentration in groundwater samples collected from six districts of South West (SW), West (W) and North East (NE) Punjab, India. Average value of uranium content in water samples of SW Punjab is observed to be higher than WHO, USEPA recommended safe limit of 30µgl−1 as well as AERB proposed limit of 60µgl−1. Whereas, for W and NE region of Punjab, average level of uranium concentration was within AERB recommended limit of 60µgl−1. Average value observed in SW Punjab is around 3–4 times the value observed in W Punjab, whereas its value is more than 17 times the average value observed in NE region of Punjab. Statistical analysis of carcinogenic as well as non carcinogenic risks due to uranium have been evaluated for each studied district. |
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0969-8043 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ saini_comparative_2016 |
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130 |
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Leeuwen, Z.R. van; Klaar, M.J.; Smith, M.W.; Brown, L.E. |
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Quantifying the natural flood management potential of leaky dams in upland catchments, Part II: Leaky dam impacts on flood peak magnitude |
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2024 |
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Journal of Hydrology |
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628 |
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130449 |
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Nature based solutions, Large wood, Empirical, Hydrograph analysis, Ecosystem services, Transfer function noise model |
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Leaky dams are an increasingly popular natural flood management measure, yet their impacts on flood peak magnitude have not yet been empirically quantified for a range of event types and magnitudes, even at the stream scale. In this study, the novel application of a transfer function noise modelling approach to empirical Before-After-Control-Impact stage data from an upland catchment allowed leaky dam effectiveness in reducing flood peak magnitude to be quantified. Flood peak stage and discharge magnitude changes were assessed from empirical data for 50 single and multi-peaked high flow events with return periods ranging from less than one year to six years. Overall, event peak magnitude was significantly reduced following the installation of eight leaky dams on the impact stream. Effectiveness was highly variable, but on average, flood peak magnitude was reduced by 10% for events with a return period up to one year. Some of the variability was explained by the size of the event and whether it was a single or multi-peaked event. This finding emphasises the need to manage expectations by considering both a range of event magnitudes and types when designing or assessing leaky dam natural flood management schemes. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Vanleeuwen2024130449 |
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228 |
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Author |
Uhrie, J.L.; Drever, J.I.; Colberg, P.J.S.; Nesbitt, C.C. |
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Title |
In situ immobilization of heavy metals associated with uranium leach mines by bacterial sulfate reduction |
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1996 |
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Hydrometallurgy |
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43 |
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1 |
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231-239 |
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Laboratory experiments with mixed populations of sulfate-reducing bactreria were shown to mediate the removal of milligrams/liter concentrations of uranium, selenium, arsenic and vanadium from aqueous solution via reduction, precipitation and adsorption. Results of laboratory experiments with active sulfidogenic biomass suggest that injection of sulfate and a source of carbon could enhance anaerobic microbial activity in and around uranium leach mines leading to in situ immobilization contaminating metals. |
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0304-386x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ uhrie_situ_1996 |
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197 |
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Liu, Z.; Tan, K.; Li, C.; Li, Y.; Zhang, C.; Song, J.; Liu, L. |
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Title |
Geochemical and S isotopic studies of pollutant evolution in groundwater after acid in situ leaching in a uranium mine area in Xinjiang |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
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Nuclear Engineering and Technology |
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55 |
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4 |
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1476-1484 |
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Acid in situ leaching of uranium, Pollution evolution, Sulfate elimination, Sulfur isotopes analysis |
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Laboratory experiments and point monitoring of reservoir sediments have proven that stable sulfate reduction (SSR) can lower the concentrations of toxic metals and sulfate in acidic groundwater for a long time. Here, we hypothesize that SSR occurred during in situ leaching after uranium mining, which can impact the fate of acid groundwater in an entire region. To test this, we applied a sulfur isotope fractionation method to analyze the mechanism for natural attenuation of contaminated groundwater produced by acid in situ leaching of uranium (Xinjiang, China). The results showed that δ34S increased over time after the cessation of uranium mining, and natural attenuation caused considerable, area-scale immobilization of sulfur corresponding to retention levels of 5.3%–48.3% while simultaneously decreasing the concentration of uranium. Isotopic evidence for SSR in the area, together with evidence for changes of pollutant concentrations, suggest that area-scale SSR is most likely also important at other acid mining sites for uranium, where retention of acid groundwater may be strengthened through natural attenuation. To recapitulate, the sulfur isotope fractionation method constitutes a relatively accurate tool for quantification of spatiotemporal trends for groundwater during migration and transformation resulting from acid in situ leaching of uranium in northern China. |
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1738-5733 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ liu_geochemical_2023 |
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192 |
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