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Bonnetti, C.; Zhou, L.; Riegler, T.; Brugger, J.; Fairclough, M. |
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Title |
Large S isotope and trace element fractionations in pyrite of uranium roll front systems result from internally-driven biogeochemical cycle |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |
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282 |
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113-132 |
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Activity cycle, Pyrite composition, Roll front uranium deposits, S isotope and trace element fractionation |
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Complex pyrite textures associated with large changes in isotopic and trace element compositions are routinely assumed to be indicative of multi-faceted processes involving multiple fluid and sulfur sources. We propose that the features of ore-stage pyrite from roll front deposits across the world, revealed in exquisite detail via high-resolution trace element mapping by LA-ICP-MS, reflect the dynamic internal evolution of the biogeochemical processes responsible for sulfate reduction, rather than externally driven changes in fluid or sulfur sources through time. Upon percolation of oxidizing fluids into the reduced host-sandstones, roll front systems become self-organized, with a systematic reset of their activity cycle after each translation stage of the redox interface down dip of the aquifer. Dominantly reducing conditions at the redox interface favor the formation of biogenic framboidal pyrite (δ34S from −30.5 to −12.5‰) by bacterial sulfate reduction and the genesis of the U mineralization. As the oxidation front advances, oxidation of reduced sulfur minerals induces an increased supply of sulfate and metals in solution to the bacterial sulfate reduction zone that has similarly advanced down the flow gradient. Hence, this stage is marked by increased rates of the bacterial sulfate reduction associated with the crystallization of variably As-Co-Ni-Mo-enriched concentric pyrite (up to 10,000′s of ppm total trace contents) with moderately negative δ34S values (from −13.7 to −7.5‰). A final stage of pyrite cement with low trace element contents and heavier δ34S signature (from −6.9 to +18.8‰) marks the end of the roll front activity cycle and the transition from an open to a predominantly closed system behavior (negligible advection of fresh sulfate). Blocky pyrite cement is formed using the remaining sulfate, which now becomes quickly heavy according to a Rayleigh isotope fractionation process. This ends the cycle by depleting the nutrient supplies for the sulfate-reducing bacteria and cementing pore spaces within the host sandstone, effectively restricting fluid infiltration. This internally-driven roll front activity cycle results in systematic, large S isotope and trace element fractionation. Ultimately, the long-time evolution of the basin and fluid sources control the metal endowment and evolution of the system; these events, however, are unlikely to be preserved by the roll front, as a direct result of its hydrodynamic nature. |
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0016-7037 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ bonnetti_large_2020 |
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185 |
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Belz, L.; Schüller, I.; Wehrmann, A.; Köster, J.; Wilkes, H. |
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Title |
The leaf wax biomarker record of a Namibian salt pan reveals enhanced summer rainfall during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |
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Volume |
543 |
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109561 |
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-Alkanes, -Alkanols, Late Quaternary, Organic geochemistry, Palaeohydrology, Southern Africa |
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Conventional continental geoarchives are rarely available in arid southern Africa. Therefore, palaeoclimate data in this area are still patchy and late Quaternary climate development is only poorly understood. In the western Kalahari, salt pans (playas, ephemeral lakes) are common and can feature quasi-continuous sedimentation. This study presents the first climate-related biomarker record using sediments from the Omongwa Pan, a Kalahari salt pan located in eastern Namibia. Our approach to reconstruct vegetation and hydrology focuses on biogeochemical bulk parameters and plant wax-derived lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes, n-alkanols, and fatty acids) and their compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions. The presented record reaches back to 27 ka. During the glacial, rather low δ2H values of n-alkanes and low sediment input exclude a strong influence of winter rainfall. n-Alkane and n-alkanol distributions and δ13C values of n-hentriacontane (n-C31) indicate a shift to a vegetation with a higher proportion of C4 plants at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum until the end of Heinrich Stadial I (ca. 18–14.8 ka), which we interpret to indicate an abrupt excursion to a short wetter period likely to be caused by a temporary southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Shifts in δ2H values of n-C31 and plant wax parameters give evidence for changes to drier conditions during early Holocene. Comparison of this dataset with representative continental records from the region points to a major influence of summer rainfall at Omongwa Pan during the regarded time span and demonstrates the potential of southern African salt pans as archives for biomarker-based climate proxies. |
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0031-0182 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ belz_leaf_2020 |
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104 |
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Baptista, V.S.G.; Coelho, V.H.R.; Bertrand, G.F.; Silva, G.B.L. da; Caicedo, N.O.L.; Montenegro, S.M.G.L.; Stefan, C.; Glass, J.; Heim, R.; Conrad, A.; Almeida, C. das N. |
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Title |
Rooftop water harvesting for managed aquifer recharge and flood mitigation in tropical cities: Towards a strategy of co-benefit evaluations in João Pessoa, northeast Brazil |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Management |
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342 |
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118034 |
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Flood control, Groundwater, Injection well, Stormwater management, Urban drainage, Aquifer storage and recovery |
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Intense urbanisation in many coastal areas has led to intensification of groundwater consumption, while reducing permeable areas and increasing the frequency and magnitude of flooding. Among the potential strategies to compensate for these adverse effects, which are expected to become worse as a result of climate change, rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) in combination with managed aquifer recharge (MAR), may be indicated. This work investigated the performance of different configurations of such a system, tested as a twofold sustainable stormwater and domestic water management tool in a tropical metropole (João Pessoa, Brazil). This area located over a sedimentary aquifer system illustrates the water security challenges of densely urbanised areas in southern cities. To that end, several configurations of rooftop catchments and storage volumes were evaluated, by simulating a MAR-RWH system connected to the regional unconfined aquifer (Barreiras Formation) through a 6″ diameter injection well. Rainfall-runoff-recharge processes and water balances were simulated using monitored high-temporal resolution rainfall data. The results showed that catchments ranging from 180 to 810 m2, connected to tanks from 0.5 to 30.0 m³, are the optimal solutions in terms of efficient rainwater retention and peak flow reduction. These solutions provided mean annual estimates of aquifer recharge between 57 and 255 m³/yr from 2004 to 2019. The results of this study highlight the opportunity for MAR schemes to reconcile stormwater management and water supply goals. |
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0301-4797 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Baptista2023118034 |
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237 |
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Asare, P.; Atun, F.; Pfeffer, K. |
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Title |
Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in spatial planning for urban flood mitigation: The perspective of flood management experts in Accra |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Land Use Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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133 |
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106865 |
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Naure-Based Solutions, Urban expansion, Urban floods, Urban flood management, Spatial planning, NBS integration |
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The rapid rate of urban expansion with its associated physical development in recent years conflicts with the urban ecosystem and the services it provides. In most Sub-Saharan African cities, rapid urban expansion often does not conform to existing spatial plans. Physical developments are sometimes carried out in unauthorized areas, contributing to urban floods. The Sub-Saharan African regions’ flood management strategies mainly focus on engineering solutions but have not been fully functional in mitigating urban floods. There is a scarcity of knowledge on how urban flood-related NBS measures can be part of the spatial development in Sub-Saharan African cities for effective flood management. In order to address this gap, this study employed content and text analysis of policy documents and interviews to understand how current spatial and flood mitigation schemes in Accra, Ghana reflect possible NBS applicability and identify possible approaches to integrating NBS into existing planning schemes to prevent urban floods. The study found that Accra’s spatial plans and flood mitigation schemes reflect a possibility of NBS integration. Additionally, the study unveiled techniques for integrating NBS measures and possible implementation barriers and facilitation in the Ghanaian context, which can be linked to combating the challenges that the Ghanaian spatial planning and flood management authorities face. The research, therefore, contributes to knowledge of how NBS can be integrated into spatial planning systems and flood mitigation schemes in Sub-Saharan African regions. |
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0264-8377 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Asare2023106865 |
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236 |
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Arya, S.; Kumar, A. |
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Title |
Evaluation of stormwater management approaches and challenges in urban flood control |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Urban Climate |
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51 |
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101643 |
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Flood risk, Green infrastructure (GI), Stormwater management, Stormwater modelling, Vulnerability assessment, Urban floods |
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Across the globe, the damage caused by urban floods has increased manifold. The unchecked development has encroached the natural drainage, and the conventional drainage systems are inadequate in handling the augmented hydrological response. To counter this, a variety of approaches with the ability to adjust within the constraints of complex environments by managing surface runoff are being widely investigated and applied worldwide. These can put the flood water to better use, and the ecological balance may get restored. This review discusses recent progress made in the area of Green Infrastructure (GI), modelling tools that help in stormwater management, vulnerability analysis and flood risk assessment. Different ways of handling the problem are summarized through an extensive literature survey. The gaps and barriers that impede the implementation of stormwater management solutions and strategies for further improvement have also been presented. A case study of Gurugram city, India depicting the challenges being faced by urban flooding and the possible solutions through an expert survey is also presented. |
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2212-0955 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Arya2023101643 |
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224 |
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Ammar, F.H.; Deschamps, P.; Chkir, N.; Zouari, K.; Agoune, A.; Hamelin, B. |
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Title |
Uranium isotopes as tracers of groundwater evolution in the Complexe Terminal aquifer of southern Tunisia |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Quaternary International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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547 |
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33-49 |
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CT southern Tunisia, Holocene, Mixing, Radicarbon, Uranium isotopes, Water-rock interaction |
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The Complexe Terminal (CT) multi-layer aquifer is formed by Neogene/Paleogene sand deposits, Upper Senonian (Campanian-Maastrichtian limestones) and Turonian carbonates. The chemical composition and isotopes of carbon and uranium were investigated in groundwater sampled from the main hydrogeological units of the (CT) aquifer in southern Tunisia. We paid special attention to the variability of uranium contents and isotopes ratio (234U/238U) to provide a better understanding of the evolution of the groundwater system. Uranium concentrations range from 1.5 to 19.5 ppb, typical of oxic or mildly reducing conditions in groundwaters. The lowest concentrations are found southeast of the study area, where active recharge is supposed to take place. When looking at the isotope composition, it appears that all the samples, including those from carbonate levels, are in radioactive disequilibrium with significant 234U excess. A clear-cut distinction is observed between Turonian and Senonian carbonate aquifers on the one hand, with 234U/238U activity ratios between 1.1 and 1.8, and the sandy aquifer on the other hand, showing higher ratios from 1.8 to 3.2. The distribution of uranium in this complex aquifer system seems to be in agreement with the lithological variability and are ultimately a function of a number of physical and chemical factors including the uranium content of the hosting geological formation, water-rock interaction and mixing between waters having different isotopic signatures. Significant relationships also appear when comparing the uranium distribution with the major ions composition. It is noticeable that uranium is better correlated with sulfate, calcium and magnesium than with other major ions as chloride or bicarbonate. The 14C activities and δ13C values of DIC cover a wide range of values, from 1.1 pmc to 30.2 pmc and from −3.6‰ to −10.7‰, respectively. 14C model ages estimated by the Fontes and Garnier model are all younger than 22 Ka and indicate that the recharge of CT groundwater occurred mainly during the end of the last Glacial and throughout the Holocene. |
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1040-6182 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ ammar_uranium_2020 |
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119 |
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Alvarado, J.A.C.; Balsiger, B.; Röllin, S.; Jakob, A.; Burger, M. |
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Radioactive and chemical contamination of the water resources in the former uranium mining and milling sites of Mailuu Suu (Kyrgyzstan) |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Environmental Radioactivity |
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138 |
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1-10 |
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Former uranium mines, Kyrgyzstan, Mailuu Suu, Uranium contamination, Water resources |
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An assessment of the radioactive and chemical contamination of the water resources at the former uranium mines and processing sites of Mailuu-Suu, in Kyrgyzstan, was carried out. A large number of water samples were collected from the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), rivers, shallow aquifers and drainage water from the mine tailings. Radionuclides and trace metal contents in water from the DWDS were low in general, but were extremely high for Fe, Al and Mn. These elements were associated with the particle fractions in the water and strongly correlated with high turbidity levels. Overall, these results suggest that water from the DWDS does not represent a serious radiological hazard to the Mailuu Suu population. However, due to the high turbidities and contents of some elements, this water is not good quality drinking water. Water from artesian and dug wells were characterized by elevated levels of U (up to 10 μg/L) and some trace elements (e.g. As, Se, Cr, V and F) and anions (e.g. Cl−, NO3−, SO42−). In two artesian wells, the WHO guideline value of 10 μg/L for As in water was exceeded. As the artesian wells are used as a source of drinking water by a large number of households, special care should be taken in order to stay within the WHO recommended guidelines. Drainage water from the mine tailings was as expected highly contaminated with many chemicals (e.g. As) and radioactive contaminants (e.g. U). The concentrations of U were more than 200 times the WHO guideline value of 30 μg/L for U in drinking water. A large variation in 234U/238U isotopic ratios in water was observed, with values near equilibrium at the mine tailings and far from equilibrium outside this area (reaching ratios of 2.3 in the artesian well). This result highlights the potential use of this ratio as an indicator of the origin of U contamination in Mailuu Suu. |
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0265-931x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ alvarado_radioactive_2014 |
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123 |
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Karaimeh, S.A. |
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Maintaining desert cultivation: Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic water-strategies at Udhruh region, Jordan |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Journal of Arid Environments |
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166 |
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108-115 |
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Irrigation, Qanat, Cultivation, Arid environment, Nabataean, Jordan |
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The site of Udhruh is located in the arid desert of southern Jordan, about 15 km to the east of Petra. The site was built by the Nabataeans but expanded by the Romans (as a defensive site) and was continuously occupied until the Early Islamic period. It receives less than the 200 mm of annual precipitation, which is crucial for agricultural cultivation. Archaeological evidence from earlier excavations together with new data from several survey projects indicate that areas around Udhruh were cultivated throughout the Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic periods (300 BCE–800 CE). The fundamental question is: how did the people of Udhruh sustain their community in the desert, and how did they transform the desert into arable land? The landscape could be utilised thanks to sophisticated water management and irrigation techniques. At least four underground qanat systems were identified providing Udhruh with access to groundwater. At the terminal end of the qanat systems, several types of closed surface channels conveyed the water to reservoirs, which subsequently distributed the water to the field systems. The water systems of Udhruh differ from the well-known Nabataean systems in the surrounding area. As Udhruh was taken over by the Roman army in 106 CE, this study analyses how the Nabataean water systems continued to function and adapt through the Roman and Byzantine periods. A complete understanding of Udhruh’s water systems helps to reconstruct past land use, agricultural activity, and irrigation practices in a currently arid region. |
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0140-1963 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Alkaraimeh2019108 |
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271 |
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Alexander, A.C.; Ndambuki, J.M. |
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Impact of mine closure on groundwater resource: Experience from Westrand Basin-South Africa |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |
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131 |
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103432 |
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Acid mine drainage, Groundwater quality, Mine closure, Spatio-temporal variation, Westrand Basin |
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The mining sector is at the edge of expanding to cater for natural resources that are much needed for technological development and manufacturing. Mushrooming of mines will consequently increase the number of mines closure. Moreover, mines closure have adverse impact on the environment at large and specifically on water resources. This study analyses historical groundwater quality parameters in mine intensive basin of Westrand Basin (WRB) to understand the status of groundwater quality in relation to mining activities and mine closure. Geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the spatio-temporal variation of groundwater quality in the basin and groundwater quality index (GQI) to evaluate its status. The coefficient of variation (CV) was applied to understand the stability of groundwater quality after the mine closure. Results indicated unstable and altered trend with increasing levels of acidity and salts concentration around the mines vicinity following the mine closure. The resultant maps indicated a significant deterioration of groundwater quality around the WRB with concentrations decreasing downstream. Obtained average GQI for the study period of 1996–2015 suggested a moderate groundwater quality at a range of GQI = 64–73. The CV indicated varying water quality at CV \textgreater 30% suggesting presence of source of contamination. Observed groundwater quality trends in Westrand basin suggested that mines closure present potential threat on groundwater quality and thus, a need for a robust mine closure plan and implementation. |
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1474-7065 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ alexander_impact_2023 |
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134 |
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Akter, A.; Tanim, A.H.; Islam, M.K. |
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Possibilities of urban flood reduction through distributed-scale rainwater harvesting |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Water Science and Engineering |
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13 |
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2 |
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95-105 |
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Low-impact development (LID), SWMM, HEC-RAS, Remote sensing, Urban flooding, Inundation depth |
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Urban flooding in Chittagong City usually occurs during the monsoon season and a rainwater harvesting (RWH) system can be used as a remedial measure. This study examines the feasibility of rain barrel RWH system at a distributed scale within an urbanized area located in the northwestern part of Chittagong City that experiences flash flooding on a regular basis. For flood modeling, the storm water management model (SWMM) was employed with rain barrel low-impact development (LID) as a flood reduction measure. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) inundation model was coupled with SWMM to observe the detailed and spatial extent of flood reduction. Compared to SWMM simulated floods, the simulated inundation depth using remote sensing data and the HEC-RAS showed a reasonable match, i.e., the correlation coefficients were found to be 0.70 and 0.98, respectively. Finally, using LID, i.e., RWH, a reduction of 28.66% could be achieved for reducing flood extent. Moreover, the study showed that 10%–60% imperviousness of the subcatchment area can yield a monthly RWH potential of 0.04–0.45 m3 from a square meter of rooftop area. The model can be used for necessary decision making for flood reduction and to establish a distributed RWH system in the study area. |
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1674-2370 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Akter202095 |
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247 |
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