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Author |
Konapala, G.; Mishra, A.K.; Wada, Y.; Mann, M.E. |
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Title |
Climate change will affect global water availability through compounding changes in seasonal precipitation and evaporation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
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Nature Communications |
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11 |
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1 |
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3044 |
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Both seasonal and annual mean precipitation and evaporation influence patterns of water availability impacting society and ecosystems. Existing global climate studies rarely consider such patterns from non-parametric statistical standpoint. Here, we employ a non-parametric analysis framework to analyze seasonal hydroclimatic regimes by classifying global land regions into nine regimes using late 20th century precipitation means and seasonality. These regimes are used to assess implications for water availability due to concomitant changes in mean and seasonal precipitation and evaporation changes using CMIP5 model future climate projections. Out of 9 regimes, 4 show increased precipitation variation, while 5 show decreased evaporation variation coupled with increasing mean precipitation and evaporation. Increases in projected seasonal precipitation variation in already highly variable precipitation regimes gives rise to a pattern of “seasonally variable regimes becoming more variable”. Regimes with low seasonality in precipitation, instead, experience increased wet season precipitation. |
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English |
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2041-1723 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Konapala2020 |
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284 |
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Author |
Wolfe, P. |
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Title |
The Simplex Method For Quadratic Programming |
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Journal Article |
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1959 |
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Econometrica |
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27 |
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170 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Wolfe1959 |
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285 |
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United Nations |
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Title |
Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer System Assessment: governance of Groundwater resources in Transboundary Aquifers (GGRETA), phase 1: technical report |
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Miscellaneous |
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1998 |
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Incl. bibl. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ |
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286 |
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Zwartendijk, B.W.; Ghimire C. P.; Ravelona M.; Lahitiana J.; van Meerveld H. J. |
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Hydrometric data and stable isotope data for streamflow and rainfall in the Marolaona catchment, Madagascar, 2015-2016 |
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Miscellaneous |
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2023 |
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NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ ref10.5285/f93d87ed-7bc4-4d03-9690-3856e6cbbd11 |
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289 |
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Author |
Ola, I.; Drebenstedt, C.; Burgess, R.M.; Mensah, M.; Hoth, N.; Okoroafor, P.; Külls, C. |
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Title |
Assessing petroleum contamination in parts of the Niger Delta based on a sub-catchment delineated field assessment |
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Journal Article |
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2024 |
Publication |
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |
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196 |
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6 |
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585 |
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The Niger Delta in Nigeria is a complex and heavily contaminated area with over 150,000 interconnected contaminated sites. This intricate issue is compounded by the region’s strong hydrological processes and high-energy environment, necessitating a science-based approach for effective contamination assessment and management. This study introduces the concept of sub-catchment contamination assessment and management, providing an overarching perspective rather than addressing each site individually. A description of the sub-catchment delineation process using the digital elevation model data from an impacted area within the Delta is provided. Additionally, the contamination status from the delineated sub-catchment is reported. Sediment, surface water and groundwater samples from the sub-catchment were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively. Surface sediment TPH concentrations ranged from 129 to 20,600 mg/kg, with subsurface (2-m depth) concentrations from 15.5 to 729 mg/kg. PAHs in surface and subsurface sediment reached 9.55 mg/kg and 0.46 mg/kg, respectively. Surface water exhibited TPH concentrations from 10 to 620 mg/L, while PAHs ranged from below detection limits to 1 mg/L. Groundwater TPH concentrations spanned 3 to 473 mg/L, with total PAHs varying from below detection limits to 0.28 mg/L. These elevated TPH and PAH levels indicate extensive petroleum contamination in the investigated sediment and water environment. Along with severe impacts on large areas of mangroves and wetlands, comparison of TPH and PAH concentrations with sediment and water quality criteria found 54 to 100% of stations demonstrated exceedances, suggesting adverse biological effects on aquatic and sediment biota are likely occurring. |
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1573-2959 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Ola2024 |
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290 |
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Author |
Heaton, T.H.E.; Talma, A.S.; Vogel, J.C. |
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Title |
Origin and history of nitrate in confined groundwater in the western Kalahari |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
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Journal of Hydrology |
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62 |
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1 |
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243-262 |
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Data are presented for nitrate, dinitrogen and argon concentrations and 15N14N ratios in groundwater, with radiocarbon ages up to 40,000 yr. for three confined sandstone aquifers in the western Kalahari of South West Africa/Namibia. The nitrate is probably generated within the soil of the recharge areas, and its production rate during the period 3000-40,000 B.P. has remained between 0.5 and 1.6 meq NO−3l−1 of recharge water, with ° 15N between + 4 and + 8‰. Variations in the amount of nitrate and of “excess air” in groundwater recharge are found, and can only reflect changes in the environmental conditions during recharge. They must therefore be caused by the climatic changes that have taken place during the past 25,000 yr. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ heaton_origin_1983 |
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95 |
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Author |
Gasse, F. |
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Title |
Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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19 |
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1 |
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189-211 |
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Paleohydrological data from the African tropics and subtropics, including lake, groundwater and speleothem records, are reviewed to show how environments and climates from both hemispheres are inter-related. Although orbitally induced changes in the monsoon strength account for a large part of long-term climatic changes in tropical Africa, the Late Pleistocene–Holocene hydrological fluctuations rather appear to have been a series of abrupt events that reflect complex interactions between orbital forcing, atmosphere, ocean and land surface conditions. During the Last Glacial Maximum (23–18ka BP), most records indicate that generally dry conditions have prevailed in both hemispheres, associated with lower tropical land- and sea-surface temperatures. This agrees with simulations using coupled ocean–atmosphere models, which predict cooling and reduced summer precipitation in tropical Africa; the global hydrological cycle was weaker than today when the extent of large polar ice-sheets and sea-ice was a prominent forcing factor of the Earth’s climate. Glacial-interglacial climatic changes started early: a first wetting/warming phase at ca. 17–16ka BP took place during a period of rapid temperature increase in Antarctica. Next, two drastic arid-humid transitions in equatorial and northern Africa occurred around 15–14.5ka BP and 11.5–11ka BP. Both are thought to match the major Greenland warming events, in concert with the switching of the oceanic thermohaline circulation to modern mode. However, part of the climatic signal after 15 ka BP also seems related to the Antarctica climate. During the Holocene, Africa has also experienced rapid hydrological fluctuations of dramatic magnitude compared to the climatic changes at high latitudes. In particular, major dry spells occurred around 8.4–8ka and 4.2–4ka BP in the northern monsoon domain. Comparison with other parts of the world indicates that these events have a worldwide distribution but different regional expressions. In the absence of large polar ice sheets, changes in the continental hydrological cycles in the tropics may have a significant impact on the global climate system. Climate information gathered here allows to identify geographical and methodological gaps, and raise some scientific questions that remain to be solved to better understand how the tropics respond to changes in major climate-forcing factors, and how they influence climate globally. |
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0277-3791 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ gasse_hydrological_2000 |
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96 |
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Author |
Brook, G.A.; Marais, E.; Srivastava, P.; Jordan, T. |
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Title |
Timing of lake-level changes in Etosha Pan, Namibia, since the middle Holocene from OSL ages of relict shorelines in the Okondeka region |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Quaternary International |
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175 |
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1 |
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29-40 |
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In 2003 examination of aerial photographs revealed a series of previously unknown relict shorelines on the arcuate ridge, possibly a clay lunette dune, that marks the western boundary of Etosha Pan in Namibia. The shorelines are 120–600m wide and the most prominent extend for tens of km around the lunette dune. The shorelines were examined on the ground in 2004 and an attempt was made to date the three lowest levels at ca. 5, 2.5 and 1m above the present pan surface. The OSL ages obtained indicate higher and more prolonged lake conditions than today at ca. 6.4, 4.0 and 2.1ka with the youngest shoreline sediments resting on an ancient pan surface dating to ca. 13ka. The evidence indicates dry conditions in the pan at ca. 13ka, wetter conditions and higher lake levels in the middle Holocene followed by a decline in lake levels to the present. Periods of inundation were of sufficient duration to produce shorelines at the southwestern end of the pan due to the prevailing northeasterly winds that would have maximized wave action along this section of the pan margin. The Etosha findings, together with other regional paleoclimate data, suggest four periods of increased wetness in SW Africa during the Holocene at 7–5, 4.5–3.5, 2.5–1.7 and ca. 1.0ka. There is widespread evidence for the oldest of these periods suggesting that it was a prominent and widespread interval of wetness. Prior to ca. 8.0ka the climate may have been drier than today. |
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1040-6182 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ brook_timing_2007 |
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97 |
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Author |
Kharaka, Y.; Harmon, R.; Darling, G. |
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W. Mike Edmunds (1941–2015) |
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2015 |
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Applied Geochemistry |
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59 |
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225-226 |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ kharaka_w_2015 |
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103 |
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Author |
Stone, A. |
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Title |
Recharge investigations above the Stampriet Aquifer in semi-arid Namibia using geochemical methods and environmental tracers; sand, salt and water |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Quaternary International |
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279-280 |
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470-471 |
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1040-6182 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ stone_recharge_2012 |
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108 |
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