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Sedghi, M.M.; Zhan, H. |
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Semi-analytical solutions of discharge variation of a qanat in an unconfined aquifer subjected to general areal recharge and nearby pumping well discharge |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
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Journal of Hydrology |
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584 |
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124691 |
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Keywords |
Analytical solution, Laplace domain, Screen segmentation, Qanat, Areal recharge, Constant head |
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Abstract |
Qanat is a type of drain that extract water from aquifers by gravity. Significant amount of fresh water used in Middle East and other parts of the world are supplied by qanats. Despite their importance, discharge variation of these type of wells received almost no attention. The aim of this research is to obtain a Laplace domain solution of discharge variation of a qanat installed in an anisotropic unconfined aquifer subjected to arbitrary areal recharge and nearby pumping well(s) discharge. A new semi-analytical solution of drawdown is obtained first to implement the effects of arbitrary areal recharge and nearby pumping well(s) using the principle of superposition. Then, the discharge variation solution of the qanat is obtained from the drawdown solution. To establish a constant-head boundary condition at the qanat periphery, the qanat is discretized into several segments. The results of this study are presented in dimensionless discharge-dimensionless time curves. The effects of hydraulic as well as geometric parameters on the discharge variation of the qanat due to arbitrary areal recharge, falling of water table from its initial position and discharge of nearby wells are explored. We also investigate the influences of distance and screen depth and location of the nearby well on the discharge variation of the qanat. The results of this study can be utilized for multiple purposes: 1) to predict discharge of qanat in response to rainfall and nearby pumping well(s); 2) to estimate the aquifer parameters using hydrograph of the qanat; 3) to determine optimal location and pumping pattern of the nearby wells to minimize their influences on the discharge of the qanat; 4) to calculate water budget of aquifers drained by a qanat. The equation presented in this work can also be used to estimate discharge of a horizontal drain installed in cropland subjected to arbitrary irrigation pattern. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Sedghi2020124691 |
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261 |
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Aldawsari, S.; Kampmann, R.; Harnisch, J.; Rohde, C. |
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Title |
Setting Time, Microstructure, and Durability Properties of Low Calcium Fly Ash/Slag Geopolymer: A Review |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
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15 |
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3 |
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Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is known for its significant contribution to carbon dioxide emissions. Geopolymer has a lower footprint in terms of CO2 emissions and has been considered as an alternative for OPC. A well-developed understanding of the use of fly-ash-based and slag-based geopolymers as separate systems has been reached in the literature, specifically regarding their mechanical properties. However, the microstructural and durability of the combined system after slag addition introduces more interactive gels and complex microstructural formations. The microstructural changes of complex blended systems contribute to significant advances in the durability of fly ash/slag geopolymers. In the present review, the setting time, microstructural properties (gel phase development, permeability properties, shrinkage behavior), and durability (chloride resistance, sulfate attack, and carbonatation), as discussed literature, are studied and summarized to simplify and draw conclusions. |
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1996-1944 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ ma15030876 |
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84 |
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Rajfur, M.; Kłos, A.; Wacławek, M. |
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Sorption properties of algae Spirogyra sp. and their use for determination of heavy metal ions concentrations in surface water |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Bioelectrochemistry |
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80 |
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1 |
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81-86 |
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Biomonitoring, Heavy metal ions, Algae sp., Sorption kinetics, Langmuir isotherm |
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Kinetics of heavy-metal ions sorption by alga Spirogyra sp. was evaluated experimentally in the laboratory, using both the static and the dynamic approach. The metal ions – Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ – were sorbed from aqueous solutions of their salts. The static experiments showed that the sorption equilibria were attained in 30min, with 90-95% of metal ions sorbed in first 10min of each process. The sorption equilibria were approximated with the Langmuir isotherm model. The algae sorbed each heavy metal ions proportionally to the amount of this metal ions in solution. The experiments confirmed that after 30min of exposition to contaminated water, the concentration of heavy metal ions in the algae, which initially contained small amounts of these metal ions, increased proportionally to the concentration of metal ions in solution. The presented results can be used for elaboration of a method for classification of surface waters that complies with the legal regulations. |
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1567-5394 |
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A Selection of Papers presented at the 4th International Workshop on Surface Modification for Chemical and Biochemical Sensing (SMCBS 2009) |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Rajfur201081 |
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283 |
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Heaton, T.H.E. |
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Title |
Sources of the nitrate in phreatic groundwater in the western Kalahari |
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1984 |
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Journal of Hydrology |
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67 |
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1 |
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249-259 |
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Elevated levels of nitrate occur in phreatic groundwater in the western Kalahari, Namibia. Nitrate in water containing 0.4–3.1 meq NO−3l−1, of widespread occurrence, has δ15N values in the range +4.9 to +8.0‰, suggesting natural derivation from the soil. The sporadic occurrence of very high levels of nitrate (> 4 meq NO−3l−1), which has δ15N between +9.3 to +18.7‰, reflects pollution derived from animal waste. The importance of considering the possible isotopic effects of denitrification, and the significance of leaching in the nitrogen budget of the Kalahari soil, are also discussed. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Heaton1984249 |
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278 |
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N, D.; Panda, B.; S, C.; V, P.M.; Singh, D.K.; L, R.A.; Sahoo, S.K. |
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Title |
Spatio-temporal variations of Uranium in groundwater: Implication to the environment and human health |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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775 |
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145787 |
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Keywords |
Groundwater, Health risk, Speciation, Stable isotopes, Statistics, Uranium |
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Groundwater overexploitation has resulted in huge scarcity and increase in the demand for water and food security in India. Groundwater in India has been observed to have experienced various water quality issues like arsenic, fluoride, and Uranium (U) contamination, leading to risk in human health. Markedly, the health risk of higher U in drinking water, as well as its chemical toxicity in groundwater have adverse effects on human. This study has reported occurrence of U as an emerging and widespread phenomenon in South Indian groundwater. Data on U in groundwater were generated from 284 samples along the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary within 4 seasons viz. pre-monsoon (PRM), southwest monsoon (SWM), northeast monsoon (NEM), and post-monsoon (POM). High U concentrations (74 μgL−1) showed to be above the World Health Organization’s provisional guideline value of 30 μgL−1. The geochemical, stable isotope and geophysical studies suggested that U in groundwater could vary with respect to season and was noted to be highest during NEM. The bicarbonate (HCO3) released by weathering process during monsoon could affect the saturation index (SI)Calcite and carbonate species of U. However, the primary source of U was found to be due to geogenic factors, like weathering, dissolution, and groundwater level fluctuation, and that, U mobilization could be enhanced due to anthropogenic activities. The findings further indicated that groundwater in the study area has reached the alarming stage of chemical toxicity. Hence, it is urgent and imperative that workable management strategies for sustainable drinking water source be developed and preventive measures be undertaken, relative to these water quality concerns to mitigate their disconcerting effect on human health. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ n_spatio-temporal_2021 |
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146 |
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