| Records |
| Author |
Eliades, M.; Bruggeman, A.; Djuma, H.; Christofi, C.; Kuells, C. |
| Title |
Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (Kc) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Water |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Quantifying evapotranspiration and drainage losses is essential for improving irrigation efficiency. The FAO-56 is the most popular method for computing crop evapotranspiration. There is, however, a need for locally derived crop coefficients (Kc) with a high temporal resolution to reduce errors in the water balance. The aim of this paper is to introduce a dynamic Kc approach, based on Leaf Area Index (LAI) observations, for improving water balance computations. Soil moisture and meteorological data were collected in a terraced nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchard in Cyprus, from 22 March 2019 to 18 November 2021. The Kc was derived as a function of the canopy cover fraction (c), from biweekly in situ LAI measurements. The use of a dynamic Kc resulted in Kc estimates with a bias of 17 mm and a mean absolute error of 0.8 mm. Evapotranspiration (ET) ranged from 41% of the rainfall (P) and irrigation (I) in the wet year (2019) to 57% of P + I in the dry year (2021). Drainage losses from irrigation (DR_I) were 44% of the total irrigation. The irrigation efficiency in the nectarine field could be improved by reducing irrigation amounts and increasing the irrigation frequency. Future studies should focus on improving the dynamic Kc approach by linking LAI field observations with remote sensing observations and by adding ground cover observations. |
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| ISSN |
2073-4441 |
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no |
| Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ w14050734 |
Serial |
85 |
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| Author |
Lightfoot, D.R. |
| Title |
Moroccan khettara: Traditional irrigation and progressive desiccation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Geoforum |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
261-273 |
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| Abstract |
A 300 km network of khettara (qanat) subsurface irrigation channels was excavated in the Tafilalt basin beginning in the late 14th century. More than 75 of these chains provided perennial water following the breakup of the ancient city of Sijilmassa. Khettara continued to function for much of the northern oasis until the early 1970s, when new technologies and government policies forced changes. Data on origins, maintenance, and current use were collected from archival sources, aerial photographs, Landsat imagery, and from interviews. Insufficient water resources and unsustainable practices have dramatically lowered the water table, drying up khettara. This has resulted in a loss of local control over water resources, abandonment of a sustainable irrigation system, and progressive desiccation. |
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0016-7185 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Lightfoot1996261 |
Serial |
257 |
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| Author |
Vogel, J.C.; Talma, A.S.; Heaton, T.H.E. |
| Title |
Gaseous nitrogen as evidence for denitrification in groundwater |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Journal of Hydrology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
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Pages |
191-200 |
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| Abstract |
By investigating the nitrate, oxygen, nitrogen and argon concentrations and 15N14N ratios in artesian groundwater with radiocarbon ages ranging up to 27,000 yr. a process of very slow denitrification in a confined aquifer is demonstrated. The calculated nitrogenisotope fractionation factor associated with this reaction is comparable to that reported for bacterial cultures in vitro and in vivo. |
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0022-1694 |
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no |
| Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ Vogel1981191 |
Serial |
280 |
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| Author |
Heaton, T.H.E.; Talma, A.S.; Vogel, J.C. |
| Title |
Origin and history of nitrate in confined groundwater in the western Kalahari |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Journal of Hydrology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
243-262 |
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| Abstract |
Data are presented for nitrate, dinitrogen and argon concentrations and 15N14N ratios in groundwater, with radiocarbon ages up to 40,000 yr. for three confined sandstone aquifers in the western Kalahari of South West Africa/Namibia. The nitrate is probably generated within the soil of the recharge areas, and its production rate during the period 3000-40,000 B.P. has remained between 0.5 and 1.6 meq NO−3l−1 of recharge water, with ° 15N between + 4 and + 8‰. Variations in the amount of nitrate and of “excess air” in groundwater recharge are found, and can only reflect changes in the environmental conditions during recharge. They must therefore be caused by the climatic changes that have taken place during the past 25,000 yr. |
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| ISSN |
0022-1694 |
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no |
| Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ heaton_origin_1983 |
Serial |
95 |
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| Author |
Heaton, T.H.E.; Talma, A.S.; Vogel, J.C. |
| Title |
Origin and history of nitrate in confined groundwater in the western Kalahari |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Journal of Hydrology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
243-262 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Data are presented for nitrate, dinitrogen and argon concentrations and 15N14N ratios in groundwater, with radiocarbon ages up to 40,000 yr. for three confined sandstone aquifers in the western Kalahari of South West Africa/Namibia. The nitrate is probably generated within the soil of the recharge areas, and its production rate during the period 3000-40,000 B.P. has remained between 0.5 and 1.6 meq NO−3l−1 of recharge water, with ° 15N between + 4 and + 8‰. Variations in the amount of nitrate and of “excess air” in groundwater recharge are found, and can only reflect changes in the environmental conditions during recharge. They must therefore be caused by the climatic changes that have taken place during the past 25,000 yr. |
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| ISSN |
0022-1694 |
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no |
| Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ Heaton1983243 |
Serial |
282 |
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| Author |
Heaton, T.H.E. |
| Title |
Sources of the nitrate in phreatic groundwater in the western Kalahari |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Journal of Hydrology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
249-259 |
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| Abstract |
Elevated levels of nitrate occur in phreatic groundwater in the western Kalahari, Namibia. Nitrate in water containing 0.4–3.1 meq NO−3l−1, of widespread occurrence, has δ15N values in the range +4.9 to +8.0‰, suggesting natural derivation from the soil. The sporadic occurrence of very high levels of nitrate (> 4 meq NO−3l−1), which has δ15N between +9.3 to +18.7‰, reflects pollution derived from animal waste. The importance of considering the possible isotopic effects of denitrification, and the significance of leaching in the nitrogen budget of the Kalahari soil, are also discussed. |
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0022-1694 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Heaton1984249 |
Serial |
278 |
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| Author |
Uhrie, J.L.; Drever, J.I.; Colberg, P.J.S.; Nesbitt, C.C. |
| Title |
In situ immobilization of heavy metals associated with uranium leach mines by bacterial sulfate reduction |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Hydrometallurgy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
43 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
231-239 |
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Laboratory experiments with mixed populations of sulfate-reducing bactreria were shown to mediate the removal of milligrams/liter concentrations of uranium, selenium, arsenic and vanadium from aqueous solution via reduction, precipitation and adsorption. Results of laboratory experiments with active sulfidogenic biomass suggest that injection of sulfate and a source of carbon could enhance anaerobic microbial activity in and around uranium leach mines leading to in situ immobilization contaminating metals. |
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0304-386x |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ uhrie_situ_1996 |
Serial |
197 |
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| Author |
Puri, S. |
| Title |
Chapter 9 – Transboundary aquifers: a shared subsurface asset, in urgent need of sound governance |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Groundwater |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
113-128 |
| Keywords |
ILC Draft Articles, impact on GDP, sound governance, Transboundary aquifers |
| Abstract |
Apart from some notable exceptions, the sound governance of transboundary aquifers (coupled or uncoupled to rivers) is seriously lacking in most regions of the world, despite a highly successful 20-year ISARM initiative. The distinction between regions of water abundance (as in the Haute Savoie–Geneva aquifers) and those of water scarcity (\textless1000 m3/an/capita), as in the Rum-Saq aquifer, ought to be a driver for the urgency in adopting sound governance. In the latter regions, however, such an urgent response faces too many hurdles (institutional, financial, and weak capacity). Climate change, one of the global megatrends (among demography, economic shift, resources stress, urbanization, and novel viruses such as COVID-19), will exacerbate the problem in the coming decade and beyond. This chapter provides an critical perspective on the status of this subsurface asset in 570 or so, domestic and transboundary aquifers of the world (self-identified by country experts), while taking full account of their interconnections, or not, with surface waters. This critical perspective will be grounded in two important factors, first the hiatus in adoption by countries of the evolving international water law and guidance on transboundary aquifers (the Draft Articles, which provide legal pathways for collaboration or eventually dispute resolution), and second the framework of the sustainable development goals (SDG) 6 (clean water and sanitation), which countries have committed themselves to with reference to transboundary waters. The critical perspective finds that despite the lack of momentum in adopting formal global norms, sporadic cooperation and collaboration is continuing and is well received, when delivered methodically through the support of international agencies. The findings of the critical perspective are that even if water-related SDGs will have been achieved across the world, it would contribute precious little to meaningful enhancement of governance of transboundary aquifers, unless they have been explicitly addressed in terms that are tangible to decision makers, such as the impact of disregarding them on the current or future national GDP. The onset of a “new socioeconomic normal” in the aftermath of COVID-19 could further defer meaningful progress, taking the example of Latin America, where a 5% decline has been forecast for 2020. With such declines in the finances of governments, attention to shared aquifer resources may well decline even further. Urgent wise reaction to this possibility must be a priority for the professional science-policy community. |
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Elsevier |
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Editor |
Mukherjee, A.; Scanlon, B.R.; Aureli, A.; Langan, S.; Guo, H.; McKenzie, A.A. |
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978-0-12-818172-0 |
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no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ mukherjee_chapter_2021 |
Serial |
106 |
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| Author |
Pisa, P.F.; Nehren, U.; Sebesvari, Z.; Rai, S.; Wong, I. |
| Title |
Chapter 17 – Nature-based solutions to reduce risks and build resilience in mountain regions |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Safeguarding Mountain Social-Ecological Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
115-126 |
| Keywords |
Nature-based solutions, mountains, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, ecosystem services, SDGs |
| Abstract |
Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as effective environmental-management measures to address societal challenges such as climate change, water and food security, and disaster risk reduction, thus contributing to human well-being and protecting biodiversity. In addition to being particularly susceptible to these challenges, mountain areas are prone to multihazard conditions, due to their steep topography and particular climatic conditions. NbS can contribute greatly to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. This chapter presents examples of NbS in mountain areas around the globe that demonstrate how this approach contributes to achieving sustainable development. |
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Elsevier |
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Editor |
Schneiderbauer, S.; Pisa, P.F.; Shroder, J.F.; Szarzynski, J. |
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978-0-12-822095-5 |
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Approved |
no |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Fontanellapisa2024115 |
Serial |
263 |
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| Author |
Mekuria, W.; Tegegne, D. |
| Title |
Water harvesting |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Second Edition) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
593-607 |
| Keywords |
Climate change, Ecosystem services, Environmental benefits, Population growth, Resilient community, Resilient environment, Socio-economic benefits, Urbanizations, Water harvesting, Water quality, Water security |
| Abstract |
Water harvesting is the intentional collection and concentration of rainwater and runoff to offset irrigation demands. Secondary benefits include decreased flood and erosion risk. Water harvesting techniques include micro- and macro-catchment systems, floodwater harvesting, and rooftop and groundwater harvesting. The techniques vary with catchment type and size, and the method of water storage. Micro-catchment water harvesting, for example, requires the development of small structures and targets increased water delivery and storage to the root zone whereas macro-catchment systems collect runoff water from large areas. The sustainability of water harvesting techniques at the local level are usually constrained by several factors such as labor, construction costs, loss of productive land, and maintenance, suggesting that multiple solutions are required to sustain the benefits of water harvesting techniques. |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Goss, M.J.; Oliver, M. |
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978-0-323-95133-3 |
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no |
| Call Number |
THL @ christoph.kuells @ Mekuria2023593 |
Serial |
225 |
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