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Author Li, X.; Shen, K.; Li, Q.; Deng, Y.; Zhu, P.; Wang, D. url  openurl
  Title Roll-over behavior in current-voltage curve introduced by an energy barrier at the front contact in thin film CdTe solar cell Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Solar Energy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 165 Issue Pages 27-34  
  Keywords AlO HRT layer, Band alignment, CdTe solar cell, Roll-over behavior  
  Abstract (up) Roll-over phenomenon in the current–voltage (J–V) curve is often observed in a CdTe thin film solar cell. The roll-over phenomenon, which is occurred near the open-circuit voltage in a light J–V curve, is due to Schottky energy barrier formed at the CdTe/metal interface in a CdTe solar cell back contact. In this study we report a J–V roll-over phenomenon which is induced by an energy barrier at the front contact of a CdTe solar cell. Two kinds of oxides, namely, Al2O3 and SnO2, were deposited as high-resistance transparent (HRT) layer between the window layer CdS and the fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) front electrode in CdTe solar cells. These two oxides present much different electronic band alignment with FTO and CdS. SnO2 formed almost no energy barrier with CdS, this allowed smooth transport for photo-generated electrons from CdTe to CdS and FTO. However, Al2O3 formed a high energy barrier with CdS. The rather high energy barrier with a value of 3.43 eV at the CdS/Al2O3 interface induced a J–V roll-over phenomenon in a CdTe thin film solar cell, which dramatically led to a quick decrease for the cell device efficiency. The electron transport at the FTO/Al2O3/CdS interface is governed by tunneling effect. The results presented in this study demonstrate that the band structure at the front electrode plays an important role for the performance of a CdTe thin film solar cell.  
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  ISSN 0038-092x ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ li_roll-over_2018 Serial 187  
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Author Bullock, L.A.; Parnell, J. url  openurl
  Title Selenium and molybdenum enrichment in uranium roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado, USA Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Geochemical Exploration Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 180 Issue Pages 101-112  
  Keywords Molybdenum, Roll-fronts, Selenium, Tellurium, Uranium, Wyoming  
  Abstract (up) Sandstone uranium (U) roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado (USA) are important U resources, and may provide a terrestrial source for critical accessory elements, such as selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and tellurium (Te). Due to their associated toxicity, MoSeTe occurrences in roll-fronts should also be carefully monitored during U leaching and ore processing. While elevated MoSe concentrations in roll-fronts are well established, very little is known about Te occurrence in such deposits. This study aims to establish MoSeTe concentrations in Wyoming and Colorado roll-fronts, and assess the significance of these deposits in an environmental and mineral exploration context. Sampled roll-front deposits, produced by oxidized groundwater transportation through a sandstone, show high MoSe content in specific redox zones, and low Te, relative to crustal means. High Se concentrations (up to 168ppm) are restricted to a narrow band of alteration at the redox front. High Mo content (up to 115ppm) is typically associated with the reduced mineralized nose and seepage zones of the roll-front, ahead of the U orebody. Elevated trace element concentrations are likely sourced from proximal granitic intrusions, tuffaceous deposits, and local pyritic mudstones. Elevated MoSe content in the sampled roll fronts may be regarded as a contaminant in U in-situ recovery and leaching processing, and may pose an environmental threat in groundwaters and soils, so extraction should be carefully monitored. The identification of peak concentrations of MoSe can also act as a pathfinder for the redox front of a roll-front, and help to isolate the U orebody, particularly in the absence of gamma signatures.  
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  ISSN 0375-6742 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ bullock_selenium_2017 Serial 189  
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Author Khoury, H.N.; salameh, E.M.; Clark, I.D. url  openurl
  Title Mineralogy and origin of surficial uranium deposits hosted in travertine and calcrete from central Jordan Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Applied Geochemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue Pages 49-65  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Secondary uranium encrustations are hosted in thick travertine and calcrete deposits of Pleistocene–Recent age in central Jordan. The central Jordan varicolored marble and travertine are equivalent to the active metamorphic area in Maqarin, north Jordan. More than 100 samples were collected from the outcrops of the varicolored marble, travertine, calcrete, and the yellow uranium encrustations. The secondary yellow encrustations are mainly composed of uranyl vanadate complexes. Tyuyamunite Ca(UO2)2V25+O8·3(H2O)–strelkinite Na2(UO2)2V2O8·6(H2O) solid solution series are the major components and their composition reflects changes in the Ca/Na ratio in solution. Potentially, new vanadium free calcium uranate phases (restricted to the varicolored marble) were identified with CaO:UO3 ratios different from the known mineral vorlanite (CaU6+)O4. Carbon and oxygen isotope data from calcite in the varicolored marble are characterized by Rayleigh-type enrichment in light isotopes associated with release of 13C and 18O enriched CO2 by high temperature decarbonation during combustion of the bituminous marl. Stable isotope results from uranium hosted travertine and calcrete varieties exhibit a wide range in isotopic values, between decarbonated and normal sedimentary carbonate rocks. The depleted δ13C and δ18O values in the travertine are related to the kinetic reaction of atmospheric CO2 with hyperalkaline Ca(OH)2 water. The gradual enrichment of δ13C and δ18O values in the calcrete towards equilibrium with the surrounding environment is related to continuous evaporation during seasonal dry periods. Uranium mineralization in central Jordan resulted from the interplay of tectonic, climatic, hydrologic, and depositional events. The large distribution of surficial uranium occurrences hosted in travertine and calcrete deposits is related to the artesian ascending groundwater that formed extensive lakes along NNW–SSE trending depressions. Fresh groundwater moved upward through the highly fractured phosphate, bituminous marl and varicolored marble to form unusual highly alkaline water (hydroxide–sulfate type) enriched with sensitive redox elements among which were U and V.  
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  ISSN 0883-2927 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ khoury_mineralogy_2014 Serial 121  
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Author Rubin, R. url  openurl
  Title Water conservation methods in Israel’s Negev desert in late antiquity Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Journal of Historical Geography Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 229-244  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Settlement in Israel’s Negev desert historically has been dependent on water conservation techniques. Fieldwork carried out on settlement sites constructed during the Byzantine period, when agriculture and trade flourished, revealed a variety of water installations some of which are in use today. Perennial springs in the Negev are generally small and difficult of access. Cisterns were the most common conservation devices and came in both large, enclosed and single, open forms. Cisterns were common particularly in the towns, where they were usually built as part of house foundations. Dams were discovered at several sites but proved to be inefficient and easily abandoned because of evaporation and siltation problems. Public reservoirs were part of the structure of the largest towns and were open and among the larges structures uncovered at settlement sites. Wells were distributed widely throughout the desert and were part of the only conservation system that did not depend directly on surface rainfall. A qanat system was located in the eastern Negev dating from the late settlement period before the area was abandoned at the turn of the eighth century. These various water systems raise questions about their builders and their origins, and suggests that builders originating in more humid Mediterranean environments tended to produce less adaptable installations than builders derived from the south or the east.  
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  ISSN 0305-7488 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Rubin1988229 Serial 262  
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Author Shams, A. url  openurl
  Title A rediscovered-new ‘Qanat’ system in the High Mountains of Sinai Peninsula, with Levantine reflections Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Arid Environments Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 110 Issue Pages 69-74  
  Keywords Foggara, Irrigation, Levant, Qanat, Sinai Peninsula  
  Abstract (up) Since the Achaemenid Empire in 532–332 BCE, the ‘Qanat’ became the central irrigation system in the arid and semi-arid lands. Several terms are used for ‘Qanat’ in different regions, including the Karez, Qanat, Falaj type Daudi, Qanat Romani, Fuqara (Foggara), or Khettara as known in Central Asia, Persia, Southeast Arabia, Levant, North Africa, or Morocco respectively. Typically, the ground, spring or surface water (i.e. seasonal floods or river-fed) sources feed similar irrigation system. Based on thirteen years of extensive survey and analysis work (i.e. Sinai Peninsula Research 2000–2013 CE), this paper presents a rediscovered-new Qanat system in the High Mountains of Sinai Peninsula (i.e. UNESCO World Heritage Site ‘WHS’ no. 954) under chronological open question with Levantine reflections. In 1970s CE, the present Sinaitic site of Farsh Abu A’lwan or the anciently known Farsh Shamma’a was archaeologically surveyed without a direct reference to the Qanat system in-situ. Scientifically, it is an argumentative and unique Qanat system in terms of chronology, location (region), site (local-setting), water source, size and household utility. It is the only discovered ‘Qanat’ across the Sinai, connecting the Near East and North Africa.  
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  ISSN 0140-1963 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Shams201469 Serial 248  
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Author Borrego-Alonso, D.; Quintana-Arnés, B.; Lozano, J.C. url  openurl
  Title Natural radionuclides behaviour in drinking groundwaters from Castilla y León (Spain); radiological implications Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Water Research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 245 Issue Pages 120616  
  Keywords Drinking water, Environmental monitoring, Natural radioactivity, Public health, Radiological characterisation  
  Abstract (up) Since the coming into force of the European Council Directive 51/2013 EURATOM and its transposition into the Spanish legislation, the presence of radioactive substances in drinking waters must be kept under surveillance to ensure that the health protection requirements are met. Driven by this regulatory framework, in an attempt to know the starting point from which to design surveillance plans, the groundwaters intended for human consumption of Castilla y León (Spain) have been radiologically characterised by using both low-level γ-ray and α-particle spectrometry to determine the activity concentration of the natural radionuclides needed to account for the indicative dose estimation. This extensive research has comprised the radiological characterisation of more than 400 drinking water samples from one of the European Union’s largest regions. Furthermore, the gross α and gross β activities have been analysed. Results showed a high geographical variability that can be related to the hydrogeological formations where the groundwaters come from. The uranium isotopes, 234U and 238U, are the main radionuclides present in the analysed drinking waters reaching values up to 2000 mBq/L, in the southwestern and western of Castilla y León, where U-rich minerals are part of the host rock. High 210Pb and 226,228Ra occurrences are found in the low permeability igneous and metasedimentary hydrogeological formations of Salamanca province. From a public health protection point of view, 4.4% of the total drinking water samples from intakes exceeded the Indicative Dose parametric value of 0.1 mSv, which is a not negligible number of samples, being very likely related to granitic and metamorphosed host rock under specific local conditions. This fact highlights the need for research and consideration of special surveillance of the groundwaters from these areas.  
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  ISSN 0043-1354 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ borrego-alonso_natural_2023 Serial 157  
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Author Ubierna, J.A.J. url  openurl
  Title Tunnel heritage in Spain: Roots of the underground Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 131-141  
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  Abstract (up) Spain has deep roots in the underground. The territory of myth and legend, of cave and tunnel, has existed in Spain since that ancient time overwhelmed with shreds of fog, where all was myth around heros like Túbal Hércules, Gárgoris and Abidis. The underground evokes strong links with life and death, light and darkness, and has served as a source of inspiration for art through the centuries. The history of tunnels in Spain reflects the mosaic of cultures that have inhabited Iberia from prehistoric times till today. This contribution on the subterranean History of Spain traces the country’s heritage in the form of natural caves, troglodyte dwellings, mining, crypts, galleries in fortresses and castles, aqueducts, qanats, cellars, and other landmarks.  
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  ISSN 0886-7798 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Ubierna1998131 Serial 260  
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Author Burchi, S. url  openurl
  Title Legal frameworks for the governance of international transboundary aquifers: Pre- and post-ISARM experience Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 15-20  
  Keywords International aquifers, International aquifers agreements, International groundwater law, UN draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers  
  Abstract (up) Study region Africa, Latin America, Europe. Study focus Through the extensive study and mapping of the world’s aquifers that lie astride the international boundary lines of sovereign States, ISARM has awakened concerned States to the existence of aquifers stretching beyond their borders, and precipitated cooperation in generating a body of knowledge that facilitated cooperation in governance arrangements for such aquifers. In parallel, ISARM influenced the shape and direction of the United Nations “Draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers” appended to UN Resolution 63/124 of 2008. Both stimulated cooperation among concerned States, and provided a frame of reference for the legal grounding of such cooperation in aquifer-specific agreements. New hydrological insights Through this synergistic paradigm, ISARM has made an impact on the shape and direction of cooperation in the Guaraní Aquifer in South America, and in the Iullemeden and Taoudeni/Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems (ITAS) in the Sahel region of Africa. It is having an influence on the shape and direction of cooperation being negotiated on the Stampriet Aquifer System in Southern Africa, and on the Ocotepeque-Citalá Aquifer in Central America. The link of ISARM to other international aquifer agreements on record is tenuous, and ISARM’s influence on their generation speculative. The visibility of ISARM has faded since 2012, however its legacy is lasting.  
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  ISSN 2214-5818 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ burchi_legal_2018 Serial 100  
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Author Nijsten, G.-J.; Christelis, G.; Villholth, K.G.; Braune, E.; Gaye, C.B. url  openurl
  Title Transboundary aquifers of Africa: Review of the current state of knowledge and progress towards sustainable development and management Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 21-34  
  Keywords Africa, Assessment, Governance, Indicators, Transboundary aquifers  
  Abstract (up) Study region Transboundary aquifers (TBAs) of Africa. Study focus Review of work on TBAs in Africa, including an overview of assessments and management efforts that have taken place over the last half century. New hydrological insights Seventy-two TBAs have been mapped in Africa. They underlie 40% of the continent, where 33% of the population lives, often in arid or semi-arid regions. TBA inventories have progressed since 2000 and remain work in progress. Despite their importance only eleven TBAs have been subjected to more detailed studies. Cooperation has been formalised for seven TBAs. Most of these TBAs are in North Africa and the Sahel. The recent global Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme compiled information at the national level to describe TBAs in terms of key indicators related to the water resource, socio-economic, and legal and institutional conditions. Availability of data at national level is low, hampering regional assessment. Comparing indicators, from questionnaire surveys, with those from a global water-use model showed variable levels of agreement, calling for further research. Reports on agreements scoping TBA management, indicate that this may be dealt with within international river/lake agreements, but reported inconsistencies between TBA sharing countries also indicate that implementation is limited. Increasing awareness and support to joint TBA management is noticeable amongst international organisations. However, such cooperation requires long-term commitment to produce impacts at the local level.  
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  ISSN 2214-5818 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ nijsten_transboundary_2018 Serial 93  
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Author Ibrahim, A.S.; Zayed, I.S.A.; Abdelhaleem, F.S.; Afify, M.M.; Ahmed, A.; Abd-Elaty, I. url  openurl
  Title Identifying cost-effective locations of storage dams for rainfall harvesting and flash flood mitigation in arid and semi-arid regions Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 50 Issue Pages 101526  
  Keywords Flash flood, Morphometric parameters, GIS, Cost-effective, Wadi Tayyibah, Dams  
  Abstract (up) Study region Wadi Tayyibah is located in south Sinai, Egypt, in a region called Abou Zenima, and it is used to develop this study. Study focus Flash floods tremendously impact many facets of human life due to their destructive consequences and the costs associated with mitigating efforts. This study aims to evaluate the harvesting of Runoff by delineating the watersheds using the Hydrologic Engineering Center-1 (HEC-1) model and ArcGIS software in trying to benefit from it in different ways. All morphometric parameters of the basin were considered, and the risk degree of the different sub-basins was determined. The suitable locations of dams were identified using a Geographical Information System (GIS) using the basin’s morphometric characteristics. New hydrological insights for the region The study proposed a total number of eight dams, including five dams that were recommended for sub-basin (1) and three dams in sub-basin (4), while sub-basins (2) and (3) are not suitable locations to build dams according to the contour map of Wadi Tayyibah. Results indicate that, based on the constructed flash flood hazard maps and the basin’s detailed morphometric characteristics, the best locations of dams are Dam (3) in sub-basin (1) and Dam (7) in sub-basin (4), where the runoff volume reached 3.13 million cubic meters (Mm3) and 5.56 Mm3 for return period 100, respectively. This study is useful for decision-makers and designers for using morphometric parameters and flash flood hazard degree maps to select dam locations. Also, the cost-benefit analysis for using the morphometric parameters is required to be investigated.  
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  ISSN 2214-5818 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Ibrahim2023101526 Serial 238  
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