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Author |
Lightfoot, D.R. |
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Title |
Moroccan khettara: Traditional irrigation and progressive desiccation |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
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Geoforum |
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27 |
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2 |
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261-273 |
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A 300 km network of khettara (qanat) subsurface irrigation channels was excavated in the Tafilalt basin beginning in the late 14th century. More than 75 of these chains provided perennial water following the breakup of the ancient city of Sijilmassa. Khettara continued to function for much of the northern oasis until the early 1970s, when new technologies and government policies forced changes. Data on origins, maintenance, and current use were collected from archival sources, aerial photographs, Landsat imagery, and from interviews. Insufficient water resources and unsustainable practices have dramatically lowered the water table, drying up khettara. This has resulted in a loss of local control over water resources, abandonment of a sustainable irrigation system, and progressive desiccation. |
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0016-7185 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Lightfoot1996261 |
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257 |
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Pham, H.C.; Alila, Y. |
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Title |
Science of forests and floods: The quantum leap forward needed, literally and metaphorically |
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Journal Article |
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2024 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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912 |
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169646 |
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Hydrological causality, Extreme value analyses, Land use impact, Peakflows, Extreme events epistemology, Experimental design |
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A century of research has generated considerable disagreement on the effect of forests on floods. Here we call for a causal inference framework to advance the science and management of the effect of any forest or its removal on flood severity and frequency. The causes of floods are multiple and chancy and, hence, can only be investigated via a probabilistic approach. We use the stochastic hydrology literature to infer a blueprint framework which could guide future research on the understanding and prediction of the effects of forests on floods in environments where rain is the dominant form of precipitation. Drawing parallels from other disciplines, we show that the introduction of probability in forest hydrology could stimulate a gestalt switch in the science of forests and floods. In light of increasing flood risk caused by climate change, this probabilistic framework can help policymakers develop robust forest and water management plans based on a defensible and clear understanding of floods. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Pham2024169646 |
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244 |
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Author |
Heine, F.; Einsiedl, F. |
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Title |
Groundwater dating with dissolved organic radiocarbon: A promising approach in carbonate aquifers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Applied Geochemistry |
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125 |
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104827 |
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C groundwater dating, deep carbonate aquifer, DOC, SPE-PPL |
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A complete hydrogeological understanding of the deep Upper Jurassic carbonate aquifer in the South German Molasse Basin is essential for the future development of this important drinking water resource and geothermally used system. Water chemistry data, δ13CDIC, 14C of the dissolved inorganic carbon (14CDIC) and stable water isotope (δ18O and δD) measurements have been used to evaluate a promising groundwater dating approach with 14C of dissolved organic carbon (14CDOC). The pre-concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was performed by the easy applicable solid phase extraction (SPE) with a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer sorbent (PPL). Based on the sampling campaign of seven groundwater wells conducted between 2017 and 2019, it was shown that the groundwater is mainly of Ca–HCO3 type with some evidence of ion exchange between Ca2+ and Na+ at two of the investigated wells. The δD values ranged from −89.4‰ to −70.9‰ while δ18O values varied between −12.5‰ and −9.8‰. The obtained stable water isotope signatures indicated that the groundwater is of meteoric origin and was recharged during warm climate (Holocene), intermediate climate and cold climate (Pleistocene) infiltration conditions. The measured 14CDOC activities varied from 5.7 pmC to 51.1 pmC and the calculated piston-flow water ages (ORAs) ranged from 4200 years to 25,248 years using an initial 14C0DOC of 85 pmC. The calculated ORAs showed a very good correlation to the infiltration temperature-sensitive δ18O values which were affirmed with noble gas infiltration temperatures for two wells after Weise et al. (1991) and were also in good accordance with the atmospheric temperature record of the northern hemisphere from Dokken et al. (2015). The results reflect a consistent hydrogeological picture of the carbonate aquifer, which also supports the applicability of the SPE-PPL method for 14CDOC dating in groundwater with a low DOC content (<1 mg/l). In contrast, 14CDIC activities of 1.4 pmC to 21.3 pmC led to geochemically corrected piston-flow ages between 8057 years and >30,000 years and generally to an overestimation of the apparent water ages. This study gives insights into the promising approach of 14CDOC groundwater dating in carbonate aquifers with low DOC contents and allows future sustainable groundwater resource management of the investigated aquifer system. |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Heine2021104827 |
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216 |
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Xie, T.; Lian, B.; Chen, C.; Qian, T.; Liu, X.; Shang, Z.; Li, T.; Wang, R.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Zhu, J. |
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Leaching behaviour and mechanism of U, 226Ra and 210Pb from uranium tailings at different pH conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
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Journal of Environmental Radioactivity |
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270 |
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107300 |
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Keywords |
Leaching experiments, Pb, Ra, U, Uranium tailings |
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A large number of radionuclides remain in uranium tailings, and U, 226Ra and 210Pb leach out with water chemistry, causing potential radioactive contamination to the surrounding environment. In this paper, uranium tailings from a uranium tailings pond in southern China were collected at different depths by means of borehole sampling, mixed and homogenised, and analysed for mineral and chemical composition, microscopic morphology, U, 226Ra and 210Pb fugacity, static leaching and dynamic leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb in uranium tailings at different pH conditions. The variation of U, 226Ra and 210Pb concentrations in the leachate under different pH conditions with time was obtained, and the leaching mechanism was analysed. The results showed that the uranium tailings were dominated by quartz, plagioclase and other minerals, of which SiO2 and Al2O3 accounted for 65.45% and 13.32% respectively, and U, 226Ra and 210Pb were mainly present in the residue form. The results of the static leaching experiments show that pH mainly influences the leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb by changing their chemical forms and the particle properties of the tailings, and that the lower the pH the more favourable the leaching. The results of dynamic leaching experiments during the experimental cycle showed that the leaching concentration and cumulative release of U, 226Ra and 210Pb in the leach solution were greater at lower pH conditions than at higher pH conditions, and the leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb at different pH conditions was mainly from the water-soluble and exchangeable states. The present research results are of great significance for the environmental risk management and control of radioactive contamination in existing uranium tailings ponds, and are conducive to ensuring the long-term safety, stability and sustainability of uranium mining sites. |
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0265-931x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ xie_leaching_2023 |
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200 |
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Jroundi, F.; Descostes, M.; Povedano-Priego, C.; Sánchez-Castro, I.; Suvannagan, V.; Grizard, P.; Merroun, M.L. |
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Title |
Profiling native aquifer bacteria in a uranium roll-front deposit and their role in biogeochemical cycle dynamics: Insights regarding in situ recovery mining |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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721 |
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137758 |
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Bacterial diversity, Bioremediation, In-situ recovery, Natural attenuation, Network analysis, Uranium |
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A uranium-mineralized sandy aquifer, planned for mining by means of uranium in situ recovery (U ISR), harbors a reservoir of bacterial life that may influence the biogeochemical cycles surrounding uranium roll-front deposits. Since microorganisms play an important role at all stages of U ISR, a better knowledge of the resident bacteria before any ISR actuations is essential to face environmental quality assessment. The focus here was on the characterization of bacteria residing in an aquifer surrounding a uranium roll-front deposit that forms part of an ISR facility project at Zoovch Ovoo (Mongolia). Water samples were collected following the natural redox zonation inherited in the native aquifer, including the mineralized orebody, as well as compartments located both upstream (oxidized waters) and downstream (reduced waters) of this area. An imposed chemical zonation for all sensitive redox elements through the roll-front system was observed. In addition, high-throughput sequencing data showed that the bacterial community structure was shaped by the redox gradient and oxygen availability. Several interesting bacteria were identified, including sulphate-reducing (e.g. Desulfovibrio, Nitrospira), iron-reducing (e.g. Gallionella, Sideroxydans), iron-oxidizing (e.g. Rhodobacter, Albidiferax, Ferribacterium), and nitrate-reducing bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas, Aquabacterium), which may also be involved in metal reduction (e.g. Desulfovibrio, Ferribacterium, Pseudomonas, Albidiferax, Caulobacter, Zooglea). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and co-occurrence patterns confirmed strong correlations among the bacterial genera, suggesting either shared/preferred environmental conditions or the performance of similar/complementary functions. As a whole, the bacterial community residing in each aquifer compartment would appear to define an ecologically functional ecosystem, containing suitable microorganisms (e.g. acidophilic bacteria) prone to promote the remediation of the acidified aquifer by natural attenuation. Assessing the composition and structure of the aquifer’s native bacteria is a prerequisite for understanding natural attenuation and predicting the role of bacterial input in improving ISR efficiency. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ jroundi_profiling_2020 |
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177 |
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Tanwer, N.; Arora, V.; Kant, K.; Singh, B.; Laura, J.S.; Khosla, B. |
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Chapter 17 – Prevalence of Uranium in groundwater of rural and urban regions of India |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2024 |
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Water Resources Management for Rural Development |
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213-234 |
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Distribution, Heath impacts, Remediation techniques, Sources, Uranium |
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Abnormally high uranium (U) prevalence in groundwater is a neoteric subject of concern throughout the world because of its direct impact on human health and well-being. Groundwater is used as the most preferred choice for drinking because of its good quality and ease of availability in rural and urban parts of India, and also in different parts of the world. India is an agriculture-dominant country and its 50–80% irrigational requirement is met by groundwater, besides this nearly 90% of rural and 50% of urban water needs are fulfilled by groundwater. The uranium concentration in groundwater in different parts of India namely Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, etc. found to be varying from 0 mg/L to 1443 mg/L, and in different parts of the world, it is found up to 1400 mg/L in the countries like United States, Canada, Finland, Mongolia, Nigeria, South Korea, Pakistan, Burundi, China, Afghanistan, etc. Various natural factors such as geology, hydro-geochemistry, and prevailing conditions as well as anthropogenic factors including mining, nuclear activities, erratic use of fertilizers, and overexploitation of groundwater resources are responsible for adding uranium in groundwater. Groundwater is considered a primary source of uranium ingestion in human beings as it contributes 85% while food contributes 15%. Uranium affects living beings as a two-way sword, being a radioactive element, causing radiotoxicity, and on the other hand as a heavy metal, it causes chemotoxicity. The main target organs affected by the consumption of uranium-contaminated water are kidneys, bones, lungs, etc. It can cause renal failure, impair cell functioning and bone growth, and mutation in DNA. Although, its toxic effects, being a heavy metal, are more severe than its radiotoxicity. Various techniques are available for the efficient removal of uranium from the groundwater such as bioremediation, nanotechnology-enhanced remediation, adsorption, filtration, etc. This chapter entails a comprehensive investigation of uranium contamination in groundwater of rural and urban parts of India their probable sources, health impacts, treatment, and mitigation techniques available to manage groundwater resources. |
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Elsevier |
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Madhav, S.; Srivastav, A.L.; Izah, S.C.; Hullebusch, E. van |
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978-0-443-18778-0 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ madhav_chapter_2024 |
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152 |
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de Jong, I.J.H.; Arif, S.S.; Gollapalli, P.K.R.; Neelam, P.; Nofal, E.R.; Reddy, K.Y.; Röttcher, K.; Zohrabi, N. |
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Title |
Improving agricultural water productivity with a focus on rural transformation* |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Irrigation and Drainage |
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70 |
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3 |
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458-469 |
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irrigation efficiency, water productivity, rural transformation, efficacité de l’irrigation, productivité de l’eau, transformation rurale |
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ABSTRACT As a result of population growth, economic development and climate change, feeding the world and providing water security will require important changes in the technologies, institutions, policies and incentives that drive present-day water management, as captured in Goal 6.4 of the Millennium Development Goals. Irrigation is the largest and most inefficient water user, and there is an expectation that even small improvements in agricultural water productivity will improve water security. This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them. Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter-sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost-effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2451 |
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89 |
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Liu, Z.; Li, C.; Tan, K.; Li, Y.; Tan, W.; Li, X.; Zhang, C.; Meng, S.; Liu, L. |
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Title |
Study of natural attenuation after acid in situ leaching of uranium mines using isotope fractionation and geochemical data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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865 |
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161033 |
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Acid in situ leaching, Geochemical and isotopic tracing, Groundwater contamination, Natural attenuation, Uranium post-mining |
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Acid in situ leaching (AISL) is a subsurface mining approach suitable for low-grade ores which does not generate tailings, and has been adopted widely in uranium mining. However, this technique causes an extremely high concentration of contaminants at post-mining sites and in the surroundings soon after the mining ceases. As a potential AISL remediation strategy, natural attenuation has not been studied in detail. To address this problem, groundwater collected from 26 wells located within, adjacent, upgradient, and downgradient of a post-mining site were chosen to analyze the fate of U(VI), SO42−, δ34S, and δ238U, to reveal the main mechanisms governing the migration and attenuation of the dominant contaminants and the spatio-temporal evolutions of contaminants in the confined aquifer of the post-mining site. The δ238U values vary from −0.07 ‰ to 0.09 ‰ in the post-mining site and from −1.43 ‰ to 0.03 ‰ around the post-mining site. The δ34S values were found to vary from 3.3 ‰ to 6.2 ‰ in the post-mining site and from 6.0 ‰ to 11.0 ‰ around the post-mining site. Detailed analysis suggests that there are large differences between the range of isotopic composition variation and the range of pollutants concentration distribution, and the estimated Rayleigh isotope fractionation factor is 0.9994–0.9997 for uranium and 1.0032–1.0061 for sulfur. The isotope ratio of uranium and sulfur can be used to deduce the migration history of the contaminants and the irreversibility of the natural attenuation process in the anoxic confined aquifer. Combining the isotopic fractionation data for U and S with the concentrations of uranium and sulfate improved the accuracy of understanding of reducing conditions along the flow path. The study also indicated that as long as the geological conditions are favorable for redox reactions, natural attenuation could be used as a cost-effective remediation scheme. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ liu_study_2023 |
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155 |
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Wang, B.; Luo, Y.; Liu, J.-hui; Li, X.; Zheng, Z.-hong; Chen, Q.-qian; Li, L.-yao; Wu, H.; Fan, Q.-ren |
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Ion migration in in-situ leaching (ISL) of uranium: Field trial and reactive transport modelling |
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2022 |
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Journal of Hydrology |
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615 |
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128634 |
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Acid in situ leaching, Banyan-Uul uranium deposit, Influence area, Reactive transport, Sensitivity analysis |
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Acid in-situ leaching (ISL) can be used as a mining technique for in situ uranium recover from underground. Acids and oxidants as lixiviants were continuously injected into a sandstone-type uranium deposit in Bayan-Uul (China). It was conducted to facilitate the dissolution of uranium minerals to generate uranyl ions, which could then be extracted for the recovery of uranium resources by the pumping cycle. A reactive transport model based on PHAST was developed to investigate the dynamic reactive migration process of uranium. The simulated results well reproduce the fluid dynamic evolution in the injecting and pumping units, as well as the dynamic release of uranium. The simulated leaching area indicates that the uranium ore leaching area was much larger than the acidification area. In addition, the pollution plume of uranium and acid water was larger than that of the leaching area, which can be used as a reference for uranium mining schemes. Furthermore, the parameter sensitivity analysis indicates the volume fraction of uranium ore and the reaction rate were the main factors affecting uranium leaching efficiency. Without considering the blockage of pores by precipitation, the Fe2+ in the reinjection fluid had a significant negative influence on uranium leaching. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ wang_ion_2022 |
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195 |
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Klimkova, S.; Cernik, M.; Lacinova, L.; Filip, J.; Jancik, D.; Zboril, R. |
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Zero-valent iron nanoparticles in treatment of acid mine water from in situ uranium leaching |
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2011 |
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Chemosphere |
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82 |
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8 |
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1178-1184 |
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Acid mine water, Contaminant removal, Surface stabilizing shell, Water treatment, Zero-valent iron nanoparticles |
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Acid mine water from in situ chemical leaching of uranium (Straz pod Ralskem, Czech Republic) was treated in laboratory scale experiments by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI). For the first time, nZVI were applied for the treatment of the real acid water system containing the miscellaneous mixture of pollutants, where the various removal mechanisms occur simultaneously. Toxicity of the treated saline acid water is caused by major contaminants represented by aluminum and sulphates in a high concentration, as well as by microcontaminants like As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, U, V, and Zn. Laboratory batch experiments proved a significant decrease in concentrations of all the monitored pollutants due to an increase in pH and a decrease in oxidation–reduction potential related to an application of nZVI. The assumed mechanisms of contaminants removal include precipitation of cations in a lower oxidation state, precipitation caused by a simple pH increase and co-precipitation with the formed iron oxyhydroxides. The possibility to control the reaction kinetics through the nature of the surface stabilizing shell (polymer vs. FeO nanolayer) is discussed as an important practical aspect. |
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0045-6535 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ klimkova_zero-valent_2011 |
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196 |
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