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Rallakis, D.; Michels, R.; Cathelineau, M.; Parize, O.; Brouand, M. |
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Title |
Conditions for uranium biomineralization during the formation of the Zoovch Ovoo roll-front-type uranium deposit in East Gobi Basin, Mongolia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ore Geology Reviews |
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Volume |
138 |
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104351 |
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Bioreduction, East Gobi Basin, Mongolia, Organic matter, Roll-front, Sulfur isotopes, Uranium |
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The Zoovch Ovoo uranium roll-front-type deposit is hosted in the Sainshand Formation, a Late Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoir, which constitutes the upper part of the post-rift infilling of the Mesozoic East Gobi Basin in SE Mongolia. The Sainshand Formation consists of unconsolidated medium-grained sand, silt and clay intervals deposited in fluvial-lacustrine settings. The uranium deposit is confined within a 60–80 m thick siliciclastic sequence inside aquifer-driven systems. The overall system experienced shallow burial and was never subjected to temperatures higher than 40 °C. This study proposes a comprehensive metallogenic model for this uranium deposit. Sedimentological and mineralogical observations from drill core samples to the microscopic scale (optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy) together with in situ geochemistry of late-formed phases (Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Fourier Transform–Infrared Spectroscopy) were considered for the reconstruction of the main stages of U trapping. In the mineralized zone, the uranium ore is expressed as Ca–enriched uraninite (UO2) and less commonly as Ca–enriched phospho-coffinite (U, P)SiO4. Trapping mechanisms include i) complexation (i.e. uranyl-carboxyl complexes), ii) adsorption on organic or clay particles) and iii) reduction by pyrite and by bacterial activity to amorphous uraninite. In all cases, the organic matter plays either the role of trap for uranium or nutrient for bacteria that can trap uranium through their metabolism. The shallow burial diagenesis conditions do not allow direct reduction of U(VI) by organic carbon. The δ34S values of the iron disulfide are very diverse, fluctuating in extreme cases between −50 to + 50‰, with an average δ34S value for framboidal pyrite at 2‰, and −20‰ for euhedral pyrite. The positive and negative values reflect close versus open fractionation systems, while bacterial sulphate reduction (BSR) is active during the whole diagenetic history of the deposit as an essential source of reduced sulfur. Therefore, using detrital organic matter as a carbon source, microorganisms play a significant role in uranium trapping, either as a direct reducing agent for uranium or pyrite formation, which will trap uranium through redox driven epigenetic processes. |
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0169-1368 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ rallakis_conditions_2021 |
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176 |
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Rajfur, M.; Kłos, A.; Wacławek, M. |
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Title |
Sorption properties of algae Spirogyra sp. and their use for determination of heavy metal ions concentrations in surface water |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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Bioelectrochemistry |
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80 |
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1 |
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81-86 |
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Biomonitoring, Heavy metal ions, Algae sp., Sorption kinetics, Langmuir isotherm |
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Kinetics of heavy-metal ions sorption by alga Spirogyra sp. was evaluated experimentally in the laboratory, using both the static and the dynamic approach. The metal ions – Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ – were sorbed from aqueous solutions of their salts. The static experiments showed that the sorption equilibria were attained in 30min, with 90-95% of metal ions sorbed in first 10min of each process. The sorption equilibria were approximated with the Langmuir isotherm model. The algae sorbed each heavy metal ions proportionally to the amount of this metal ions in solution. The experiments confirmed that after 30min of exposition to contaminated water, the concentration of heavy metal ions in the algae, which initially contained small amounts of these metal ions, increased proportionally to the concentration of metal ions in solution. The presented results can be used for elaboration of a method for classification of surface waters that complies with the legal regulations. |
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1567-5394 |
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A Selection of Papers presented at the 4th International Workshop on Surface Modification for Chemical and Biochemical Sensing (SMCBS 2009) |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Rajfur201081 |
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283 |
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Qiu, W.; Yang, Y.; Song, J.; Que, W.; Liu, Z.; Weng, H.; Wu, J.; Wu, J. |
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Title |
What chemical reaction dominates the CO2 and O2 in-situ uranium leaching?: Insights from a three-dimensional multicomponent reactive transport model at the field scale |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Applied Geochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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148 |
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105522 |
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Carbonate minerals, In-situ leaching (ISL) of uranium, Pyrite oxidation, Reactive transport modeling (RTM) |
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The complex behavior of uranium in recovery is mostly driven by water-rock interactions following lixiviant injection into ore-bearing aquifers. Significant challenges exist in exploring the geochemical processes responsible for uranium release and mobilization. Herein this study provides an illustration of a ten-year field scale CO2 and O2 in-situ leaching (ISL) process at a typical sandstone-hosted uranium deposit in northern China. We also conducte a three-dimensional (3-D) multicomponent reactive transport model to assess the effects of potential chemical reactions on uranium recovery, in particular, to focus on the role of sulfide mineral pyrite (FeS2). Numerical simulations are performed considering three potential ISL reaction pathways to determine the relative contributions to uranium release, and the results indicate that bicarbonate promotes the oxidative dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals and further accelerates the uranium leaching in a neutral geochemical system. Moreover, the presence of FeS2 exerts a strong competitive role in the uranium-bearing mineral dissolution by increasing oxygen consumption, favoring the formation of iron oxyhydroxide, and therefore causing an associated decrease in uranium recovery rates. The simulation model demonstrates that dissolution of carbonate neutralizes acidic water generated from pyrite oxidation and aqueous CO2 dissociation. In addition, the cation concentrations (i.e., Ca and Mg) are increasing in the pregnant solutions, showing that the recycling of lixiviants and kinetic dissolution of carbonate generates a larger number of dissolved Ca and Mg and inevitably triggers the secondary dolomite mineral precipitation. The findings improve our fundamental understanding of the geochemical processes in a long-term uranium ISL system and provide important environmental implications for the optimal design of uranium recovery, remediation, and risk exposure assessment. |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ qiu_what_2023 |
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207 |
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Prusty, S.; Somu, P.; Sahoo, J.K.; Panda, D.; Sahoo, S.K.; Sahoo, S.K.; Lee, Y.R.; Jarin, T.; Sundar, L.S.; Rao, K.S. |
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Title |
Adsorptive sequestration of noxious uranium (VI) from water resources: A comprehensive review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Chemosphere |
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308 |
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136278 |
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Adsorbents, Adsorption, Techniques, Uranium, Wastewater |
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Groundwater is usually utilized as a drinking water asset everywhere. Therefore, groundwater defilement by poisonous radioactive metals such as uranium (VI) is a major concern due to the increase in nuclear power plants as well as their by-products which are released into the watercourses. Waste Uranium (VI) can be regarded as a by-product of the enrichment method used to produce atomic energy, and the hazard associated with this is due to the uranium radioactivity causing toxicity. To manage these confronts, there are so many techniques that have been introduced but among those adsorptions is recognized as a straightforward, successful, and monetary innovation, which has gotten major interest nowadays, despite specific drawbacks regarding operational as well as functional applications. This review summarizes the various adsorbents such as Bio-adsorbent/green materials, metal oxide-based adsorbent, polymer based adsorbent, graphene oxide based adsorbent, and magnetic nanomaterials and discuss their synthesis methods. Furthermore, this paper emphasis on adsorption process by various adsorbents or modified forms under different physicochemical conditions. In addition to this adsorption mechanism of uranium (VI) onto different adsorbent is studied in this article. Finally, from the literature reviewed conclusion have been drawn and also proposed few future research suggestions. |
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0045-6535 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ prusty_adsorptive_2022 |
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131 |
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Priestley, S.C.; Payne, T.E.; Harrison, J.J.; Post, V.E.A.; Shand, P.; Love, A.J.; Wohling, D.L. |
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Use of U-isotopes in exploring groundwater flow and inter-aquifer leakage in the south-western margin of the Great Artesian Basin and Arckaringa Basin, central Australia |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Applied Geochemistry |
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98 |
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331-344 |
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Activity ratios, Central Australia, Great Artesian Basin, Hydrogeology, Sequential extraction, Uranium isotopes |
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The distribution of uranium isotopes (238U and 234U) in groundwaters of the south-western margin of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB), Australia, and underlying Arckaringa Basin were examined using groundwater samples and a sequential extraction of aquifer sediments. Rock weathering, the geochemical environment and α-recoil of daughter products control the 238U and 234U isotope distributions giving rise to large spatial variations. Generally, the shallowest aquifer (J aquifer) contains groundwater with higher 238U activity concentrations and 234U/238U activity ratios close to secular equilibrium. However, the source input of uranium is spatially variable as intermittent recharge from ephemeral rivers passes through rocks that have already undergone extensive weathering and contain low 238U activity concentrations. Other locations in the J aquifer that receive little or no recharge contain higher 238U activity concentrations because uranium from localised uranium-rich rocks have been leached into solution and the geochemical environment allows the uranium to be kept in solution. The geochemical conditions of the deeper aquifers generally result in lower 238U activity concentrations in the groundwater accompanied by higher 234U/238U activity ratios. The sequential extraction of aquifer sediments showed that α-recoil of 234U from the solid mineral phases into the groundwater, rather than dissolution of, or exchange with the groundwater accessible minerals in the aquifer, caused enrichment of groundwater 234U/238U activity ratios in the Boorthanna Formation. Decay of 238U in uranium-rich coatings on J aquifer sediments caused resistant phase 234U/238U activity ratio enrichment. The groundwater 234U/238U activity ratio is dependent on groundwater residence time or flow rate, depending on the flow path trajectory. Thus, uranium isotope variations confirmed earlier groundwater flow interpretations based on other tracers; however, spatial heterogeneity, and the lack of clear regional correlations, made it difficult to identify recharge and inter-aquifer leakage. |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ priestley_use_2018 |
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115 |
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Pree, T.A.D. |
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The politics of baselining in the Grants uranium mining district of northwestern New Mexico |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Journal of Environmental Management |
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268 |
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110601 |
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Critical stakeholder analysis, Environmental cleanup, Environmental monitoring, Mining reclamation/remediation/restoration, Politics of baselining |
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During the second half of the twentieth century, northwestern New Mexico served as the primary production site for one of the world’s largest nuclear arsenals. From 1948 to 1970 the “Grants uranium district” provided almost half of the total uranium ore accumulated by the United States federal government for the production of nuclear weapons, in addition to becoming a national source for commercial nuclear energy from the late 1960s to the early 1990s. By the twenty-first century, after a prolonged period of economic decline that began in the late 1970s, all uranium mining and milling in New Mexico had ceased, leaving a legacy of environmental health impacts. What was once referred to as “The Uranium Capital of the World” now encompasses over a thousand abandoned uranium mines and seven massive uranium mill tailings piles, which are associated with airborne and soil contamination as well as groundwater plumes of uranium and other contaminants of concern, in a landscape that has been fractured by underground mine workings and punctured by thousands of exploratory boreholes. This article presents an ethnographic study of the diverse forms of expertise involved in monitoring and managing the mine waste and mill tailings. Drawing from over two years of ethnographic research, I describe the relationship between different stakeholders from local communities, government agencies, and transnational mining corporations as they deliberate about the possibility of cleaning up the former mining district. My thesis is that the possibility of cleaning up the Grants district hinges on the “politics of baselining”—a term I introduce to describe the relationship between stakeholders and their competing environmental models and hydrogeological theories; each accounts for a different geological past prior to mining that can be deemed “natural,” as the background against which to measure the anthropogenic impacts from mining. |
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0301-4797 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ pree_politics_2020 |
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151 |
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Post, V.E.A.; Vassolo, S.I.; Tiberghien, C.; Baranyikwa, D.; Miburo, D. |
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Weathering and evaporation controls on dissolved uranium concentrations in groundwater – A case study from northern Burundi |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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607-608 |
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281-293 |
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Geochemical modelling, Hydrochemistry, Lake Tshohoha South, Public health, Radionuclides, Water supply |
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The potential use of groundwater for potable water supply can be severely compromised by natural contaminants such as uranium. The environmental mobility of uranium depends on a suite of factors including aquifer lithology, redox conditions, complexing agents, and hydrological processes. Uranium concentrations of up to 734μg/L are found in groundwater in northern Burundi, and the objective of the present study was to identify the causes for these elevated concentrations. Based on a comprehensive data set of groundwater chemistry, geology, and hydrological measurements, it was found that the highest dissolved uranium concentrations in groundwater occur near the shores of Lake Tshohoha South and other smaller lakes nearby. A model is proposed in which weathering and evapotranspiration during groundwater recharge, flow and discharge exert the dominant controls on the groundwater chemical composition. Results of PHREEQC simulations quantitatively confirm this conceptual model and show that uranium mobilization followed by evapo-concentration is the most likely explanation for the high dissolved uranium concentrations observed. The uranium source is the granitic sand, which was found to have a mean elemental uranium content of 14ppm, but the exact mobilization process could not be established. Uranium concentrations may further be controlled by adsorption, especially where calcium-uranyl‑carbonate complexes are present. Water and uranium mass balance calculations for Lake Tshohoha South are consistent with the inferred fluxes and show that high‑uranium groundwater represents only a minor fraction of the overall water input to the lake. These findings highlight that the evaporation effects that cause radionuclide concentrations to rise to harmful levels in groundwater discharge areas are not only confined to arid regions, and that this should be considered when selecting suitable locations for water supply wells. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ post_weathering_2017 |
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132 |
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Pontér, S.; Rodushkin, I.; Engström, E.; Rodushkina, K.; Paulukat, C.; Peinerud, E.; Widerlund, A. |
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Early diagenesis of anthropogenic uranium in lakes receiving deep groundwater from the Kiruna mine, northern Sweden |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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793 |
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148441 |
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Isotope ratios, Mine water, Sediments, Uranium |
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The uranium (U) concentrations and isotopic composition of waters and sediment cores were used to investigate the transport and accumulation of U in a water system (tailings pond, two lakes, and the Kalix River) receiving mine waters from the Kiruna mine. Concentrations of dissolved U decrease two orders of magnitude between the inflow of mine waters and in the Kalix River, while the concentration of the element bound to particulate matter increases, most likely due to sorption on iron‑manganese hydroxides and organic matter. The vertical distribution of U in the water column differs between two polluted lakes with a potential indication of dissolved U supply from sediment’s pore waters at anoxic conditions. Since the beginning of exposure in the 1950s, U concentrations in lake sediments have increased \textgreater20-fold, reaching concentrations above 50 μg g-1. The distribution of anthropogenic U between the lakes does not follow the distribution of other mine water contaminants, with a higher relative proportion of U accumulating in the sediments of the second lake. Concentrations of redox-sensitive elements in the sediment core as well as Fe isotopic composition were used to re-construct past redox-conditions potentially controlling early diagenesis of U in surface sediments. Two analytical techniques (ICP-SFMS and MC-ICP-MS) were used for the determination of U isotopic composition, providing an extra dimension in the understanding of processes in the system. The (234 U)/(238 U) activity ratio (AR) is rather uniform in the tailings pond but varies considerably in water and lake sediments providing a potential tracer for U transport from the Kiruna mine through the water system, and U immobilization in sediments. The U mass balance in the Rakkurijoki system as well as the amount of anthropogenic U accumulated in lake sediments were evaluated, indicating the immobilization in the two lakes of 170 kg and 285 kg U, respectively. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ ponter_early_2021 |
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154 |
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Pham, Q.-N.; Nguyen, T.-C.; Ta, T.-T.; Tran, T.-L. |
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Comprehensive approach to sustainable groundwater management in semi-arid Ninh Thuan plain, Vietnam |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
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23 |
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101031 |
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Climate change, Groundwater, Managed aquifer recharge (MAR), Modeling, Sea level rise, Seawater intrusion, Sustainable groundwater management |
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Vietnam is a country with a long coastline and a high population density residing in the coastal plains. The largest dry area in Vietnam, the coastal plain of Ninh Thuan province, always lacks water in the first dry months of the year (Jan., Feb., Mar., and Apr.). Groundwater is an extremely valuable resource for supplies at this time. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a comprehensive approach to sustainable groundwater management in this semi-arid region. This approach is not only mitigating the negative impacts of factors such as climate change, sea level rise, and socio-economic development but also suggesting measures for management of aquifer recharge. A groundwater model for a 3-layer system with variable density flow SEAWAT is built to predict the impacts of climate change and sea level rise without a change in groundwater abstraction. This model helps to understand the trend of salt intrusion and lowering groundwater level in the study area. Afterwards, scenarios with different ground water abstraction and groundwater development such as ground dam, infiltration basin have been set up to meet the demands of socio-economic development in the future. Predicted results will show the impacts of the groundwater systems in the area such as groundwater level change, and saltwater intrusion. Controlled groundwater abstraction and some measures of groundwater development such as infiltration basin, underground dam would allow for an increase of up to 50000m3/day in the year 2050 without negative impacts on the aquifer system. |
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2352-801x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ pham_comprehensive_2023 |
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174 |
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Pham, H.C.; Alila, Y. |
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Science of forests and floods: The quantum leap forward needed, literally and metaphorically |
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2024 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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912 |
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169646 |
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Hydrological causality, Extreme value analyses, Land use impact, Peakflows, Extreme events epistemology, Experimental design |
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A century of research has generated considerable disagreement on the effect of forests on floods. Here we call for a causal inference framework to advance the science and management of the effect of any forest or its removal on flood severity and frequency. The causes of floods are multiple and chancy and, hence, can only be investigated via a probabilistic approach. We use the stochastic hydrology literature to infer a blueprint framework which could guide future research on the understanding and prediction of the effects of forests on floods in environments where rain is the dominant form of precipitation. Drawing parallels from other disciplines, we show that the introduction of probability in forest hydrology could stimulate a gestalt switch in the science of forests and floods. In light of increasing flood risk caused by climate change, this probabilistic framework can help policymakers develop robust forest and water management plans based on a defensible and clear understanding of floods. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Pham2024169646 |
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244 |
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