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Author Uhrie, J.L.; Drever, J.I.; Colberg, P.J.S.; Nesbitt, C.C. url  openurl
  Title In situ immobilization of heavy metals associated with uranium leach mines by bacterial sulfate reduction Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Hydrometallurgy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 231-239  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Laboratory experiments with mixed populations of sulfate-reducing bactreria were shown to mediate the removal of milligrams/liter concentrations of uranium, selenium, arsenic and vanadium from aqueous solution via reduction, precipitation and adsorption. Results of laboratory experiments with active sulfidogenic biomass suggest that injection of sulfate and a source of carbon could enhance anaerobic microbial activity in and around uranium leach mines leading to in situ immobilization contaminating metals.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0304-386x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ uhrie_situ_1996 Serial 197  
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Author Zhao, Y.; Li, X.; Lei, L.; Chen, L.; Luo, Z. url  openurl
  Title Permeability evolution mechanism and the optimum permeability determination of uranium leaching from low-permeability sandstone treated with low-frequency vibration Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 10 Pages 2597-2610  
  Keywords Chemical reactive rate, Low-frequency vibration, Low-permeability sandstone, Optimum permeability, Permeability evolution mechanism, Uranium migration  
  Abstract Low-frequency vibrations can effectively improve natural sandstone permeability, and higher vibration frequency is associated with larger permeability. However, the optimum permeability and permeability evolution mechanism for uranium leaching and the relationship between permeability and the change of chemical reactive rate affecting uranium leaching have not been determined. To solve the above problems, in this study, identical homogeneous sandstone samples were selected to simulate low-permeability sandstone; a permeability evolution model considering the combined action of vibration stress, pore water pressure, water flow impact force, and chemical erosion was established; and vibration leaching experiments were performed to test the model accuracy. Both the permeability and chemical reactions were found to simultaneously restrict U6+ leaching, and the vibration treatment increased the permeability, causing the U6+ leaching reaction to no longer be diffusion-constrained but to be primarily controlled by the reaction rate. Changes of the model calculation parameters were further analyzed to determine the permeability evolution mechanism under the influence of vibration and chemical erosion, to prove the correctness of the mechanism according to the experimental results, and to develop a new method for determining the optimum permeability in uranium leaching. The uranium leaching was found to primarily follow a process consisting of (1) a permeability control stage, (2) achieving the optimum permeability, (3) a chemical reactive rate control stage, and (4) a channel flow stage. The resolution of these problems is of great significance for facilitating the application and promotion of low-frequency vibration in the CO2 + O2 leaching process.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1674-7755 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ zhao_permeability_2023 Serial 198  
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Author Zeng, S.; Shen, Y.; Sun, B.; Zhang, N.; Zhang, S.; Feng, S. url  openurl
  Title Pore structure evolution characteristics of sandstone uranium ore during acid leaching Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Nuclear Engineering and Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 53 Issue 12 Pages 4033-4041  
  Keywords Acid method, In situ leaching, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Pore characteristic, Sandstone uranium ore  
  Abstract To better understand the permeability of uranium sandstone, improve the leaching rate of uranium, and explore the change law of pore structure characteristics and blocking mechanism during leaching, we systematically analyzed the microstructure of acid-leaching uranium sandstone. We investigated the variable rules of pore structure characteristics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed the following: (1) The uranium concentration change followed the exponential law during uranium deposits acid leaching. After 24 h, the uranium leaching rate reached 50%. The uranium leaching slowed gradually over the next 4 days. (2) Combined with the regularity of porosity variation, Stages I and II included chemical plugging controlled by surface reaction. Stage I was the major completion phase of uranium displacement with saturation precipitation of calcium sulfate. Stage II mainly precipitated iron (III) oxide-hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. Stage III involved physical clogging controlled by diffusion. (3) In the three stages of leaching, the permeability of the leaching solution changed with the pore structure, which first decreased, then increased, and then decreased.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1738-5733 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ zeng_pore_2021 Serial 199  
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Author Xie, T.; Lian, B.; Chen, C.; Qian, T.; Liu, X.; Shang, Z.; Li, T.; Wang, R.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Zhu, J. url  openurl
  Title Leaching behaviour and mechanism of U, 226Ra and 210Pb from uranium tailings at different pH conditions Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 270 Issue Pages 107300  
  Keywords Leaching experiments, Pb, Ra, U, Uranium tailings  
  Abstract A large number of radionuclides remain in uranium tailings, and U, 226Ra and 210Pb leach out with water chemistry, causing potential radioactive contamination to the surrounding environment. In this paper, uranium tailings from a uranium tailings pond in southern China were collected at different depths by means of borehole sampling, mixed and homogenised, and analysed for mineral and chemical composition, microscopic morphology, U, 226Ra and 210Pb fugacity, static leaching and dynamic leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb in uranium tailings at different pH conditions. The variation of U, 226Ra and 210Pb concentrations in the leachate under different pH conditions with time was obtained, and the leaching mechanism was analysed. The results showed that the uranium tailings were dominated by quartz, plagioclase and other minerals, of which SiO2 and Al2O3 accounted for 65.45% and 13.32% respectively, and U, 226Ra and 210Pb were mainly present in the residue form. The results of the static leaching experiments show that pH mainly influences the leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb by changing their chemical forms and the particle properties of the tailings, and that the lower the pH the more favourable the leaching. The results of dynamic leaching experiments during the experimental cycle showed that the leaching concentration and cumulative release of U, 226Ra and 210Pb in the leach solution were greater at lower pH conditions than at higher pH conditions, and the leaching of U, 226Ra and 210Pb at different pH conditions was mainly from the water-soluble and exchangeable states. The present research results are of great significance for the environmental risk management and control of radioactive contamination in existing uranium tailings ponds, and are conducive to ensuring the long-term safety, stability and sustainability of uranium mining sites.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ xie_leaching_2023 Serial 200  
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Author Tan, K.; Li, C.; Liu, J.; Qu, H.; Xia, L.; Hu, Y.; Li, Y. url  openurl
  Title A novel method using a complex surfactant for in-situ leaching of low permeable sandstone uranium deposits Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Hydrometallurgy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 150 Issue Pages 99-106  
  Keywords Complex surfactant, In-situ leaching of uranium mining, Leaching kinetics, Low permeable sandstone uranium deposit, Resin adsorption and elution  
  Abstract Applications of a complex surfactant developed in-house to in-situ leaching of low permeable sandstone uranium deposits are described based on results from agitation leaching, column leaching, resin adsorption, and elution experiments using uranium containing solution from the in-situ leaching site. The results of agitation leaching experiments show that adding surfactant with different concentrations into leaching solution improves the leaching rate of uranium. The maximum leaching rate of uranium from agitation leaching reached 92.6% at an added surfactant concentration of 10mg/l. Result of column leaching experiment shows that adding surfactant with varying concentrations into leaching solutions increased the permeability coefficient of ore-bearing layer by 42.7–86.8%. The leaching rate of uranium from column leaching increased by 58.0% and reached 85.8%. The result of kinetic analysis shows that for the extraction of uranium controlled by diffusion without surfactant the apparent rate constant 0.0023/d changed to 0.0077/d for the extraction with surfactant controlled by both diffusion and surface chemical reactions. Results from resin adsorption and elution experiments show that there was no influence on resin adsorption and elution of uranium with an addition of 50mg/l surfactant to production solution from in-situ leaching. The adsorption curve, sorption capacity of resin, recycling of resin remained the same as without adding any surfactant. Introducing complex surfactant to leaching solution increased the peak concentration of uranium in eluents, reduced the residual uranium content in resin, and promoted the elution efficiency. The method of using a complex surfactant for in-situ leaching is useful for low permeable sandstone uranium deposits.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0304-386x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ tan_novel_2014 Serial 201  
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Author Hu, K.; Wang, Q.; Tao, G.; Wang, A.; Ding, D. url  openurl
  Title Experimental Study on Restoration of Polluted Groundwater from in Situ Leaching Uranium Mining with Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and ZVI-SRB Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Procedia Earth and Planetary Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 150-155  
  Keywords In situ leaching of uranium, nitrate radical, sulfate radical, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB), Zero Valent Iron (ZVI)  
  Abstract In the case of in situ leaching of uranium, the primitive geochemical environment for groundwater is changed since leachant is injected into the water beaving uranium deposit. This increases the concentration of uranium and results in the groundwater contamination.Microbial reduction technology by Sulfate reducing bacteria and Zero Valent Iron were employed to treat uranium wastewater. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of anion (sulfate and nitrate) on dealing with uranium wastewater. Experimental results show that the utilization of both SRB system and ZVI – SRB system to process uranium wastewater is affected by sulfate ion and nitrate ion. As the concentration of sulfate radical is lower than 4000mg/L, sulfate-reducing bacteria has no influence on precipitated uranium. However, as the concentration of sulfate is more than 6,000mg/L, uranium removal rate decreases significantly, from 80% to 14.1%. When adding sulfate radical on ZVI – SRB system to process uranium wastewater, its uranium removal rate is higher than SRB system. Low concentration of nitrate contributes to reduction metabolism of SRB. High concentration of nitrate inhibits the growth and metabolism of SRB and affects the treatment efficiency of uranium wastewater. When the concentration of nitrate reaches 1500mg/L, uranium removal rate is less than 0.1%. Nevertheless, as the concentration of nitrate is lower than 1000mg/L, uranium removal rate could reach more than 75%. As existence of nitrate radical, uranium removal rate of SRB by adding ZVI is higher than that without adding.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1878-5220 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ hu_experimental_2011 Serial 202  
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Author Shayakhmetov, N.M.; Alibayeva, K.A.; Kaltayev, A.; Panfilov, I. url  openurl
  Title Enhancing uranium in-situ leaching efficiency through the well reverse technique: A study of the effects of reversal time on production efficiency and cost Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Hydrometallurgy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 219 Issue Pages 106086  
  Keywords Economic evaluation, Hydrodynamic enhancement of mineral production, In-situ leaching, Mineral recovery, Optimal reversal time, Well reversing technique  
  Abstract In this study, the application of the Well Reversal Technique (WRT) and the impact of reversal time on the efficiency of uranium mining via In-Situ Leaching (ISL) were investigated. A prevalent issue in ISL mineral extraction is the formation of stagnant zones caused by limited access of the lixiviant, which leads to increased operating expenditures. The WRT, which involves altering the function of some wells from injection to production or vice versa, is a potential solution to this problem. The efficiency of WRT is heavily dependent on the well pattern and reversal time. Two commonly used well patterns in ISL are the 9-spot (row arrangement) and 7-spot (hexagonal arrangement). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal reversal time for a 9-spot well pattern through mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic and physico-chemical processes and subsequent economic assessment. A mathematical model of uranium extraction processes was developed using the principles of mass conservation, Darcy’s, and mass action laws. The results obtained for a 9-spot well pattern without reversal, with two reversal options, and a 7-spot scheme were analyzed comparatively. The 7-spot scheme without reversal was found to be the most effective of the options examined. The application of WRT on a 9-spot well pattern allows to enhance production efficiency to a level comparable to that of a 7-spot well pattern. Additionally, the effect of reversal time on recovery was studied based on two well reversal options. The results from calculation revealed that the optimal scenario was when the well reversal is conducted immediately after the time point at which the average concentration of the pregnant solution in the production wells reaches its peak value. The overall efficiency of WRT application was determined through economic calculations of capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) expenditures. Based on economic calculations, it was determined that the utilization of WRT results in a 3–18% increase in mineral production efficiency for a 9-point scheme, depending on the chosen reversal method.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0304-386x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ shayakhmetov_enhancing_2023 Serial 203  
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Author Pastukhov, A.M.; Rychkov, V.N.; Smirnov, A.L.; Skripchenko, S.Y.; Poponin, N.A. url  openurl
  Title Purification of in situ leaching solution for uranium mining by removing solids from suspension Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Minerals Engineering Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 55 Issue Pages 1-4  
  Keywords Bag filter, Firm particles, In situ leaching mining, Injection wells, Intake capacity, Purification  
  Abstract This study investigated the process of in situ leaching (ISL) method of uranium mining, and the removal of solid particles from the leaching solution. Investigations were carried out for 4months. The content of firm suspensions in the productive solutions arriving from the well field was up to standard of 3–5mg/l. After keeping in a settler of productive solutions within one hour concentration of suspensions decreases to 2–2.5mg/l. To increase the life of the wells requires more fine purification of the ISL solutions. The best results can be obtained but using filtration. Bag filters were used in experiments carried out at the extraction site. All samples of polypropylene bag filter was produced by the Tamfelt Corporation. The best results were obtained for fabrics S-51M03-L2K4 (pore size 3μm). After three month of trials following indicators of wells work were fixed: on the trial cell decrease in intake capacity did not occur; on the other cells of well field injectability of holes for the same period of time decreased for 15–40%. The results illustrated the high efficiency of this method, which allows injection wells to reach a constant intake capacity, making it possible for technological cells to achieve a constant productivity and balance. Purification of solutions allows to reduce acidulation term of new technological cells from 3–4 to 1.5–2months.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0892-6875 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ pastukhov_purification_2014 Serial 204  
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Author Zhou, Y.; Li, G.; Xu, L.; Liu, J.; Sun, Z.; Shi, W. url  openurl
  Title Uranium recovery from sandstone-type uranium deposit by acid in-situ leaching – an example from the Kujieertai Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Hydrometallurgy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 191 Issue Pages 105209  
  Keywords Acid in-situ leaching, Sandstone-type uranium deposit, Uranium deportment in the ore, Uranium recovery, Water-rock interaction  
  Abstract The factors influencing uranium recovery in water-rock systems during acid in-situ leaching (ISL) were studied at the Kujieertai uranium deposit in Xinjiang. Using an ISL unit, a field leach trial (FLT) had been carried out to test the sequential effects of a leaching solution without oxidant (H2SO4 solution 4–8 g/L) and a leaching solution with oxidant (H2SO4 3–7 g/L, and Fe (III) 2–6 g/L). The observation of the leaching process revealed clearly defined stages of uranium release from the solid mineral to solution. Uranium mobilization from solid mineral into solution can be described in four stages. At the beginning of the acid ISL process, there was no oxidant to be added to the leaching solution and the desorption of hexavalent uranyl ions in the open pores, as well as dissolution of hexavalent uranium minerals, led to a short-term peak in the pregnant solution, which happened while pH decreased from about 5.3 to 2.62. Following the depletion of the adsorbed hexavalent uranium and a decline in uranium dissolution intensity, the addition of Fe(III) facilitated the oxidation of tetravalent uranium, which enabled intensive uranium mobilization again. During this process, the dissolution of uranium had a strong positive correlation with the reduction of Fe(III) and Eh in the leach solution. Beside hydrochemical factors, the deportment of uranium was also an important factor affecting uranium recovery. Uranium located in the open pores can be completely exposed to the solution and the mobilization intensity was significantly affected by hydrogeochemical conditions; but the uranium present in microfissures and in the ore matrix could not be fully exposed to the solution, so, their dissolution intensity was primarily controlled by corrosion and permeability of the ore. In general, the hydrogeochemical conditions and the deportment of uranium were the external and internal factors that significantly affected the dissolution and recovery of uranium in the early and middle stages of the FLT. However, in the latest stages, due to uranium depletion, enhancing the chemical potential of the leaching solution, specifically acidity and/or the amount of oxidant, had little improvement on uranium recovery.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN 0304-386x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ zhou_uranium_2020 Serial 205  
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Author YI, Z.-ji; LIAN, B.; YANG, Y.-qun; ZOU, J.-ling url  openurl
  Title Treatment of simulated wastewater from in situ leaching uranium mining by zerovalent iron and sulfate reducing bacteria Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 19 Issue Pages 840  
  Keywords basification, sulfate, sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), uranium, wastewater, zerovalent iron (ZVI)  
  Abstract Batch and column experiments were conducted to determine whether zerovalent iron (ZVI) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can function synergistically and accelerate pollutant removal. Batch experiments suggest that combining ZVI with SRB can enhance the removal of U(?) synergistically. The removal rate of U(?) in the ZVI+SRB combining system is obviously higher than the total rate of ZVI system and SRB system with a difference of 13.4% at t=2 h and 29.9% at t=4 h. Column experiments indicate that the reactor filled with both ZVI and SRB biofilms is of better performance than the SRB bioreactor in wastewater basification, desulfurization and U(?) fixation. The results imply that the ZVI+SRB permeable reactive barrier may be a promising method for treating subsurface uranium contamination.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1003-6326 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition (up) Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ yi_treatment_2009 Serial 206  
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