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Author Xiao, L.; Robinson, M.; O’Connor, M. url  openurl
  Title Woodland’s role in natural flood management: Evidence from catchment studies in Britain and Ireland Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Science of The Total Environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 813 Issue Pages 151877  
  Keywords (up) Forest harvesting, Streamflow, Natural flood management, Before-after-control-impact, Evidence-based forest impact  
  Abstract Despite the attention currently given to the potential environmental benefits of large-scale forest planting, there is a shortage of clear observational evidence regarding the effects on river flows, and what there is has often been contradictory or inconclusive. This paper presents three independently conducted paired-catchment forestry studies covering 66 station-years of flow measurements in the UK and Ireland. In each case coniferous evergreen trees were removed from one catchment with minimal soil disturbance while the adjoining control catchment was left unchanged. Trees were removed from 20% – 90% of the three experimental basins. Following woodland removal there was an increase in dry weather baseflow at all sites. Baseflows increased by about 8% after tree removal from a quarter of the Hore basin and by 41% for the near-total cut at Howan. But the changes were more complex for peak flows. Tree harvesting increased the smallest and most frequent peak storm flows, indicating that afforestation would lead to the suppression of such events. This was however restricted to events well below the mean annual flood, indicating that the impact of forests upon the largest and most damaging floods is likely to be limited. Whilst a forest cover can be effective in mitigating small and frequent stormflows it should never be assumed to provide protection against major flood events.  
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  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Xiao2022151877 Serial 241  
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Author Alvarado, J.A.C.; Balsiger, B.; Röllin, S.; Jakob, A.; Burger, M. url  openurl
  Title Radioactive and chemical contamination of the water resources in the former uranium mining and milling sites of Mailuu Suu (Kyrgyzstan) Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 138 Issue Pages 1-10  
  Keywords (up) Former uranium mines, Kyrgyzstan, Mailuu Suu, Uranium contamination, Water resources  
  Abstract An assessment of the radioactive and chemical contamination of the water resources at the former uranium mines and processing sites of Mailuu-Suu, in Kyrgyzstan, was carried out. A large number of water samples were collected from the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), rivers, shallow aquifers and drainage water from the mine tailings. Radionuclides and trace metal contents in water from the DWDS were low in general, but were extremely high for Fe, Al and Mn. These elements were associated with the particle fractions in the water and strongly correlated with high turbidity levels. Overall, these results suggest that water from the DWDS does not represent a serious radiological hazard to the Mailuu Suu population. However, due to the high turbidities and contents of some elements, this water is not good quality drinking water. Water from artesian and dug wells were characterized by elevated levels of U (up to 10 μg/L) and some trace elements (e.g. As, Se, Cr, V and F) and anions (e.g. Cl−, NO3−, SO42−). In two artesian wells, the WHO guideline value of 10 μg/L for As in water was exceeded. As the artesian wells are used as a source of drinking water by a large number of households, special care should be taken in order to stay within the WHO recommended guidelines. Drainage water from the mine tailings was as expected highly contaminated with many chemicals (e.g. As) and radioactive contaminants (e.g. U). The concentrations of U were more than 200 times the WHO guideline value of 30 μg/L for U in drinking water. A large variation in 234U/238U isotopic ratios in water was observed, with values near equilibrium at the mine tailings and far from equilibrium outside this area (reaching ratios of 2.3 in the artesian well). This result highlights the potential use of this ratio as an indicator of the origin of U contamination in Mailuu Suu.  
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  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ alvarado_radioactive_2014 Serial 123  
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Author Lima, G.F.C.; Filho, C.A. de C.; Ferreira, V.G.; Lima, J. da S.D.; Marques, E.D.; Minardi, P.S.P.; Dalmázio, I.; Moreira, R.M. url  openurl
  Title Establishing a water baseline for the unconventional gas industry: A multiple environmental isotopes assessment (18O, 2H, 3H, 13C, and 14C) of surface and groundwater in the São Francisco Basin, Brazil Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Applied Geochemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 159 Issue Pages 105818  
  Keywords (up) Fracking, Groundwater dating, Indaiá river, Isotopes assessment, Shale gas, Unconventional hydrocarbons  
  Abstract Unconventional hydrocarbon production has become the target of an intensive environmental debate due to the risks it poses to water resources. Fracking, while enabling the extraction of oil and gas from ultra-low permeability reservoirs, also possesses the risk of polluting water systems through failures from hydraulic fracturing and its associated procedures. The need to foster national industrial development with a transitional energy matrix has led Brazil to discuss the environmental suitability before producing its large unconventional reserves. Many studies have highlighted the need for a robust environmental characterization before the development of the unconventional industry. In this sense, multiple environmental isotopes may work as a proxy for identifying water contamination right from the early stages. Environmental isotopes may also be applied to enhance the understanding of the natural geochemical processes intrinsic to a given area. This study presents an environmental isotopes baseline for the groundwater and riverine water systems within the São Francisco Basin, a proven tight gas reservoir in Brazil, in a pre-operational context. δ18O, δ2H, 3H, δ13C, and Δ14C were evaluated in three different seasons in groundwater and surface water samples, along with other auxiliary parameters such as physical-chemical parameters (in situ), major ions, and d-excess. The δ2H and δ18O in surface water shows an upstream → downstream enrichment trend, with some variations suggesting baseflow interactions in the surface water systems. An evaporation line for the study area was defined as δ2H = 4.6903 δ18O + 10.362. δ13C indicates a mutual dissolution of silicates and carbonates in the groundwater system and suggests a group of samples highly related to the recharge areas. Groundwater dating denotes the Serra da Saudade Formation as a modern fractured aquifer with a strong recharge capacity. These findings support stakeholders in environmental monitoring and management of the unconventional gas industry.  
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  ISSN 0883-2927 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ lima_establishing_2023 Serial 173  
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Author Zeng, S.; Shen, Y.; Sun, B.; Tan, K.; Zhang, S.; Ye, W. url  openurl
  Title Fractal kinetic characteristics of uranium leaching from low permeability uranium-bearing sandstone Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Nuclear Engineering and Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 1175-1184  
  Keywords (up) Fractal characteristics, In-situ leaching, Leaching kinetics, Pore structure, Uranium mine  
  Abstract The pore structure of uranium-bearing sandstone is one of the critical factors that affect the uranium leaching performance. In this article, uranium-bearing sandstone from the Yili Basin, Xinjiang, China, was taken as the research object. The fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone were studied using mercury intrusion experiments and fractal theory, and the fractal dimension of the uranium-bearing sandstone was calculated. In addition, the effect of the fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone on the uranium leaching kinetics was studied. Then, the kinetics was analyzed using a shrinking nuclear model, and it was determined that the rate of uranium leaching is mainly controlled by the diffusion reaction, and the dissolution rate constant (K) is linearly related to the pore specific surface fractal dimension (DS) and the pore volume fractal dimension (DV). Eventually, fractal kinetic models for predicting the in-situ leaching kinetics were established using the unreacted shrinking core model, and the linear relationship between the fractal dimension of the sample’s pore structure and the dissolution rate during the leaching was fitted.  
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  ISSN 1738-5733 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ zeng_fractal_2022 Serial 193  
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Author Marteleto, T. de P.; Abreu, A.E.S. de; Barbosa, M.B.; Yoshinaga-Pereira, S.; Bertolo, R.A.; Enzweiler, J. url  openurl
  Title Groundwater apparent ages and isotopic composition in Crystalline, Diabase and Tubarão aquifers contact area in Campinas, Southeastern Brazil Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Journal of South American Earth Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 135 Issue Pages 104783  
  Keywords (up) Fractured aquifer, Groundwater mixing, Isotopes, Water management  
  Abstract This study refines the hydrogeological conceptual model of an area with three interconnected aquifers, namely the Crystalline Aquifer System (CAS – igneous and metamorphic rocks), which is in contact with the Tubarão Aquifer System (TAS – sedimentary rocks) and the Diabase Aquifer System (DAS – diabase rocks). The detailed investigation involved geophysical logging and hydraulic and hydrodynamic characterization with straddle packers in a local tubular well, in which groundwater presents high uranium concentrations. Hydrogeochemical and isotope (δ2H, δ18O, 3H, δ13C, 14C) analysis in this well and in other three neighboring wells, with lower U concentrations, showed that ancient and modern waters (3H from <0.8 to 1.12 TU, 14C from 69.43 to 78.72 pMC) mix within the aquifer. During groundwater pumping, vertical fractures in the diabase aquifer possibly induce water mixing and recharge of the deeper levels of the aquifers from shallow layers. The high [U] are related to ancient waters from a confined aquifer hosted in CAS that reaches the wells through hydraulically active fractures located deeper than 159 m depth. Groundwater apparent ages do not increase systematically with depth, revealing a complex circulation model for CAS. The results obtained from the other wells, which are all located on drainage lineaments, reveal that one extracts modern water from DAS and TAS, another one extracts modern and ancient water from DAS and CAS, and the third extracts only ancient water from CAS, confirming the complexity of the local hydrogeology. Regarding regional groundwater management, the study revealed the need to characterize the sources of groundwater in each well, in order to protect modern waters from anthropogenic contamination and to protect ancient groundwater from overexploitation, as CAS hosts groundwaters recharged thousands of years ago or more.  
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  ISSN 0895-9811 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Depaulamarteleto2024104783 Serial 221  
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Author Rossetto, R.; Filippis, G.D.; Borsi, I.; Foglia, L.; Cannata, M.; Criollo, R.; Vázquez-Suñé, E. url  openurl
  Title Integrating free and open source tools and distributed modelling codes in GIS environment for data-based groundwater management Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Environmental Modelling & Software Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 107 Issue Pages 210-230  
  Keywords (up) Free and Open Source Software, FREEWAT, Groundwater management, ICT, MODFLOW, QGIS  
  Abstract Integrating advanced simulation techniques and data analysis tools in a freeware Geographic Information System (GIS) provides a valuable contribution to the management of conjunctive use of groundwater (the world’s largest freshwater resource) and surface-water. To this aim, we describe here the FREEWAT (FREE and open source software tools for WATer resource management) platform. FREEWAT is a free and open source, QGIS-integrated interface for planning and management of water resources, with specific attention to groundwater. The FREEWAT platform couples the power of GIS geo-processing and post-processing tools in spatial data analysis with that of process-based simulation models. The FREEWAT environment allows storage of large spatial datasets, data management and visualization, and running of several distributed modelling codes (mainly belonging to the MODFLOW family). It simulates hydrologic and transport processes, and provides a database framework and visualization capabilities for hydrochemical analysis. Examples of real case study applications are provided.  
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  ISSN 1364-8152 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ rossetto_integrating_2018 Serial 92  
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Author Love, A.J.; Shand, P.; Karlstrom, K.; Crossey, L.; Rousseau-Gueutin, P.; Priestley, S.; Wholing, D.; Fulton, S.; Keppel, M. url  openurl
  Title Geochemistry and Travertine Dating Provide New Insights into the Hydrogeology of the Great Artesian Basin, South Australia Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Procedia Earth and Planetary Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 521-524  
  Keywords (up) GAB springs, Great Artesian Basin, Helium isotope data, Uranium series dating  
  Abstract While of great national and societal significance, and importance in its own right, the Great Artesian Basin of Australia is an iconic example of a continental scale artesian groundwater system. New geochemical, hydrological, and neo-tectonic data suggests that existing models that involve recharge in eastern Australia, relatively simple flowpaths and discharge in springs in the western margin require modification. New geochemical data indicate a small volume flux of deeply derived (endogenic) fluids mixing into the aquifer system at a continental scale. Neo- tectonic data indicates active tectonism today that provides a fluid pathway through faults for the deeply sourced endogenic fluids to discharge in GAB travertine depositing springs.  
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  ISSN 1878-5220 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ love_geochemistry_2013 Serial 122  
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Author Stavi, I.; Eldad, S.; Xu, C.; Xu, Z.; Gusarov, Y.; Haiman, M.; Argaman, E. url  openurl
  Title Ancient agricultural terrace walls control floods and regulate the distribution of Asphodelus ramosus geophytes in the Israeli arid Negev Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Catena Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 234 Issue Pages 107588  
  Keywords (up) Geo-archaeology, Hydrological connectivity, Hydrological modelling, Runoff harvesting, Soil and water conservation, Watershed management  
  Abstract Ancient stone terrace walls aimed at harvesting water runoff and facilitating crop production are widespread across the drylands of the Middle East and beyond. In addition to retaining the scarce water resource, the terrace walls also conserve soil and thicken its profile along ephemeral stream channels (wadis) by decreasing fluvial connectivity and mitigating erosional processes. In this study, we created hydrological models for three wadis with ancient stone terrace walls in the arid northern Negev of Israel, where the predominant geophyte species is Asphodelus ramosus L. A two-dimensional (2D) rain-on-grid (RoG) approach with a resolution of 2 m was used to simulate the rain events with return periods of 10, 20, 50, and 99 % (10-y, 5-y, 2-y, and yearly, respectively) based on the Intensity-Duration-Frequency rain curves for the region. To evaluate the effect of stone terrace walls on fluvial hydrology and geomorphology, the ground level was artificially elevated by 20 cm at the wall locations in a digital terrain model (DTM), using the built-in HEC-RAS 2D terrain modification tool. Our results showed that the terraced wadis have a high capacity to mitigate runoff loss, but a lesser capacity to delay the peak flow. Yet, for all rainstorm return periods, peak flow mitigation was positively related to the number of terrace walls along the stream channel. Field surveys in two of the studied wadis demonstrated that the A. ramosus clones were found in proximity to the stone terrace walls, presumably due to the greater soil–water content there. The results thus suggest that the terrace walls provide improved habitat conditions for these geophytes, supporting their growth and regulating their distribution along the wadi beds.  
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  ISSN 0341-8162 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Stavi2024107588 Serial 229  
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Author Su, X.; Liu, Z.; Yao, Y.; Du, Z. url  openurl
  Title Petrology, mineralogy, and ore leaching of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in the Ordos Basin, North China Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Ore Geology Reviews Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 127 Issue Pages 103768  
  Keywords (up) Geochemical composition, leach mining, Mineralogy, Ordos Basin, Sandstone-hosted uranium deposit  
  Abstract The Nalinggou–Daying uranium metallogenic belt is situated at the northern Ordos Basin, China. Petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical techniques were used to study the ore-bearing sandstones and host rocks in the Nalinggou–Daying uranium metallogenic belt. The present study shows that uranium minerals, i.e., coffinite, pitchblende, and brannerite, are mostly disseminated around pyrite and detrital particles. The ore-bearing sandstones are enriched in organic matter, with which this reductive environment influenced uranium leaching. The carbonate concentration of the uranium ores is markedly higher than that of the host rocks, and intense carbonatization occurs in the ore-bearing sandstones. In this case, the usage of the classical in-situ leach uranium mining technique by injecting H2SO4 + H2O2 solution produces calcium sulfate precipitate, which can lead to blocking of the ore-bearing strata. For this reason, laboratory and field uranium mining tests were conducted using CO2 + O2 in-situ leaching technology and were demonstrated to be successful, illustrating that this approach is technically feasible. Inhibiting ore bed blockage and increasing the amount of injected O2 are important for uranium leaching in this setting.  
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  ISSN 0169-1368 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ su_petrology_2020 Serial 120  
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Author Gómez, P.; Garralón, A.; Buil, B.; Turrero, M.J.; Sánchez, L.; Cruz, B. de la url  openurl
  Title Modeling of geochemical processes related to uranium mobilization in the groundwater of a uranium mine Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Science of The Total Environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 366 Issue 1 Pages 295-309  
  Keywords (up) Geochemical modeling, Granite, Groundwater, Uranium mine, Uranium retention  
  Abstract This paper describes the processes leading to uranium distribution in the groundwater of five boreholes near a restored uranium mine (dug in granite), and the environmental impact of restoration work in the discharge area. The groundwater uranium content varied from \textless1 μg/L in reduced water far from the area of influence of the uranium ore-containing dyke, to 104 μg/L in a borehole hydraulically connected to the mine. These values, however, fail to reflect a chemical equilibrium between the water and the pure mineral phases. A model for the mobilization of uranium in this groundwater is therefore proposed. This involves the percolation of oxidized waters through the fractured granite, leading to the oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite and the precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides. This in turn leads to the dissolution of the primary pitchblende and, subsequently, the release of U(VI) species to the groundwater. These U(VI) species are retained by iron hydroxides. Secondary uranium species are eventually formed as reducing conditions are re-established due to water–rock interactions.  
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  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ gomez_modeling_2006 Serial 162  
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