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Author (up) Alvarado, J.A.C.; Balsiger, B.; Röllin, S.; Jakob, A.; Burger, M. url  openurl
  Title Radioactive and chemical contamination of the water resources in the former uranium mining and milling sites of Mailuu Suu (Kyrgyzstan) Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 138 Issue Pages 1-10  
  Keywords Former uranium mines, Kyrgyzstan, Mailuu Suu, Uranium contamination, Water resources  
  Abstract An assessment of the radioactive and chemical contamination of the water resources at the former uranium mines and processing sites of Mailuu-Suu, in Kyrgyzstan, was carried out. A large number of water samples were collected from the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), rivers, shallow aquifers and drainage water from the mine tailings. Radionuclides and trace metal contents in water from the DWDS were low in general, but were extremely high for Fe, Al and Mn. These elements were associated with the particle fractions in the water and strongly correlated with high turbidity levels. Overall, these results suggest that water from the DWDS does not represent a serious radiological hazard to the Mailuu Suu population. However, due to the high turbidities and contents of some elements, this water is not good quality drinking water. Water from artesian and dug wells were characterized by elevated levels of U (up to 10 μg/L) and some trace elements (e.g. As, Se, Cr, V and F) and anions (e.g. Cl−, NO3−, SO42−). In two artesian wells, the WHO guideline value of 10 μg/L for As in water was exceeded. As the artesian wells are used as a source of drinking water by a large number of households, special care should be taken in order to stay within the WHO recommended guidelines. Drainage water from the mine tailings was as expected highly contaminated with many chemicals (e.g. As) and radioactive contaminants (e.g. U). The concentrations of U were more than 200 times the WHO guideline value of 30 μg/L for U in drinking water. A large variation in 234U/238U isotopic ratios in water was observed, with values near equilibrium at the mine tailings and far from equilibrium outside this area (reaching ratios of 2.3 in the artesian well). This result highlights the potential use of this ratio as an indicator of the origin of U contamination in Mailuu Suu.  
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  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ alvarado_radioactive_2014 Serial 123  
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Author (up) Gaj, M.; Beyer, M.; Hamutoko, J.; Uugulu, S.; Wanke, H.; Koeniger, P.; Külls, C.; Lohe, C.; Himmelsbach, T. openurl 
  Title How do soil types affect stable isotope ratios of 2H and 18O under evaporation: A Fingerprint of the Niipele subbasin of the Cuvelai-Etosha basin, Namibia Type Conference Article
  Year 2014 Publication EGU Geophysical Abstracts Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 5890  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Gaj2014soil Serial 44  
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Author (up) Hamutoko, J.; Mapani, B.; Ellmies, R.; Bittner, A.; Külls, C. url  openurl
  Title A fingerprinting method for the identification of uranium sources in alluvial aquifers: An example from the Khan and Swakop Rivers, Namibia Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue Pages 34-42  
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  Publisher Pergamon Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Hamutoko2014fingerprinting Serial 19  
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Author (up) Haque, N.; Norgate, T. url  openurl
  Title The greenhouse gas footprint of in-situ leaching of uranium, gold and copper in Australia Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Cleaner Production Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 84 Issue Pages 382-390  
  Keywords Copper, GHG emission, Gold, In-situ leaching, LCA, Uranium  
  Abstract In-situ leaching (ISL) is a chemical method for recovering useful minerals and metals directly from underground ore bodies which is also referred to as ‘solution mining’. ISL is commonly used for uranium mining, accounting for about 45% of global production. The main benefits are claimed to be a lower environmental impact in terms of visual disturbances, emissions, lower energy use, cost compared with conventional open-cut or underground mining methods, and potential utilisation of lower grade resources. However, there is a lack of reported studies on the assessment of the environmental impacts of ISL, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The SimaPro LCA software was used to estimate the GHG footprint of the ISL of uranium, gold and copper. The total GHG emissions were estimated to be 38.0 kg CO2-e/kg U3O8 concentrate (yellowcake), 29 t CO2-e/kg gold, and 4.78 kg CO2-e/kg Cu. The GHG footprint of ISL uranium was significantly lower than that of conventional mining, however, the footprints of copper and gold were not much less compared with conventional mining methods. This is due to the lower ore grade of ISL deposits and recovery compared with high ore grades and recovery of conventional technology. Additionally, the use of large amount of electricity for pumping in case of ISL contributes to this result. The electricity consumed in pumping leaching solutions was by far the greatest contributor to the well-field related activities associated with ISL of uranium, gold and copper. The main strategy to reduce the GHG footprint of ISL mining should be to use electricity derived from low emission sources. In particular, renewable sources such as solar would be suitable for ISL as these operations are typically in remote locations with smaller deposits compared with conventional mining sites.  
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  ISSN 0959-6526 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ haque_greenhouse_2014 Serial 208  
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Author (up) Ingham, E.S.; Cook, N.J.; Cliff, J.; Ciobanu, C.L.; Huddleston, A. url  openurl
  Title A combined chemical, isotopic and microstructural study of pyrite from roll-front uranium deposits, Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 125 Issue Pages 440-465  
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  Abstract The common sulfide mineral pyrite is abundant throughout sedimentary uranium systems at Pepegoona, Pepegoona West and Pannikan, Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia. Combined chemical, isotopic and microstructural analysis of pyrite indicates variation in fluid composition, sulfur source and precipitation conditions during a protracted mineralization event. The results show the significant role played by pyrite as a metal scavenger and monitor of fluid changes in low-temperature hydrothermal systems. In-situ micrometer-scale sulfur isotope analyses of pyrite demonstrated broad-scale isotopic heterogeneity (δ34S=−43.9 to +32.4‰VCDT), indicative of complex, multi-faceted pyrite evolution, and sulfur derived from more than a single source. Preserved textures support this assertion and indicate a genetic model involving more than one phase of pyrite formation. Authigenic pyrite underwent prolonged evolution and recrystallization, evidenced by a genetic relationship between archetypal framboidal aggregates and pyrite euhedra. Secondary hydrothermal pyrite commonly displays hyper-enrichment of several trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Sb, W and Tl) in ore-bearing horizons. Hydrothermal fluids of magmatic and meteoric origins supplied metals to the system but the geochemical signature of pyrite suggests a dominantly granitic source and also the influence of mafic rock types. Irregular variation in δ34S, coupled with oscillatory trace element zonation in secondary pyrite, is interpreted in terms of continuous variations in fluid composition and cycles of diagenetic recrystallization. A late-stage oxidizing fluid may have mobilized selenium from pre-existing pyrite. Subsequent restoration of reduced conditions within the aquifer caused ongoing pyrite re-crystallization and precipitation of selenium as native selenium. These results provide the first qualitative constraints on the formation mechanisms of the uranium deposits at Beverley North. Insights into depositional conditions and sources of both sulfide and uranium mineralization and an improved understanding of pyrite geochemistry can also underpin an effective vector for uranium exploration at Beverley North and other sedimentary systems of the Lake Eyre Basin, as well as in comparable geological environments elsewhere.  
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  ISSN 0016-7037 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ ingham_combined_2014 Serial 188  
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Author (up) Joseph, J.; Külls, C. openurl 
  Title Calibration of 13C and 18O measurements in CO2 using Off-axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectrometer (ICOS) Type Conference Article
  Year 2014 Publication EGU Geophysical Abstracts Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 659  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Joseph2014calibration Serial 45  
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Author (up) Khoury, H.N.; salameh, E.M.; Clark, I.D. url  openurl
  Title Mineralogy and origin of surficial uranium deposits hosted in travertine and calcrete from central Jordan Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Applied Geochemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue Pages 49-65  
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  Abstract Secondary uranium encrustations are hosted in thick travertine and calcrete deposits of Pleistocene–Recent age in central Jordan. The central Jordan varicolored marble and travertine are equivalent to the active metamorphic area in Maqarin, north Jordan. More than 100 samples were collected from the outcrops of the varicolored marble, travertine, calcrete, and the yellow uranium encrustations. The secondary yellow encrustations are mainly composed of uranyl vanadate complexes. Tyuyamunite Ca(UO2)2V25+O8·3(H2O)–strelkinite Na2(UO2)2V2O8·6(H2O) solid solution series are the major components and their composition reflects changes in the Ca/Na ratio in solution. Potentially, new vanadium free calcium uranate phases (restricted to the varicolored marble) were identified with CaO:UO3 ratios different from the known mineral vorlanite (CaU6+)O4. Carbon and oxygen isotope data from calcite in the varicolored marble are characterized by Rayleigh-type enrichment in light isotopes associated with release of 13C and 18O enriched CO2 by high temperature decarbonation during combustion of the bituminous marl. Stable isotope results from uranium hosted travertine and calcrete varieties exhibit a wide range in isotopic values, between decarbonated and normal sedimentary carbonate rocks. The depleted δ13C and δ18O values in the travertine are related to the kinetic reaction of atmospheric CO2 with hyperalkaline Ca(OH)2 water. The gradual enrichment of δ13C and δ18O values in the calcrete towards equilibrium with the surrounding environment is related to continuous evaporation during seasonal dry periods. Uranium mineralization in central Jordan resulted from the interplay of tectonic, climatic, hydrologic, and depositional events. The large distribution of surficial uranium occurrences hosted in travertine and calcrete deposits is related to the artesian ascending groundwater that formed extensive lakes along NNW–SSE trending depressions. Fresh groundwater moved upward through the highly fractured phosphate, bituminous marl and varicolored marble to form unusual highly alkaline water (hydroxide–sulfate type) enriched with sensitive redox elements among which were U and V.  
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  ISSN 0883-2927 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ khoury_mineralogy_2014 Serial 121  
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Author (up) Külls, C. doi  openurl
  Title Ecohydrological principles in economic models of water resources in drylands and desert restoration Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2014 Publication UNCCD, 2nd Scient. Conf. Abbreviated Journal  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Kuells2014ecohydrological Serial 68  
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Author (up) Külls, C.; Nunes, A.; Köbel-Batista, M.; Branquinho, C.; Bianconi, N.; Costantini, E. openurl 
  Title Integrated use of soil physical and water isotope methods for ecohydrological characterization of desertified areas Type Conference Article
  Year 2014 Publication EGU Geophysical Abstracts Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 15430  
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  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Kuells2014integrated Serial 46  
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Author (up) Martínez-Santos, P.; Martínez-Alfaro, P.E. url  openurl
  Title A priori mapping of historical water-supply galleries based on archive records and sparse material remains. An application to the Amaniel qanat (Madrid, Spain) Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Cultural Heritage Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 656-664  
  Keywords Hydraulic heritage, Qanat, Groundwater, Foggara, Water-supply, Amaniel, Madrid  
  Abstract Engineering heritage refers to a broad variety of items of social, economic, aesthetic or historic relevance, including roads, dams, buildings and supply networks. Due to their utilitarian nature, their heritage value is often overlooked. This occurs even with those infrastructures that have played an essential role in underpinning the daily existence of entire civilizations. Underground water-supply networks provide an excellent example. Although there are exceptions, water networks tend to be functional in design, rather than monumental. Moreover, they present intricate linear layouts that often span several kilometres. This means they are costly to maintain once their operational life is over, and that they are prone to abandonment and destruction. Devising a priori protection strategies is important to preserve these valuable cultural assets. The following pages present a method to map linear structures based on archive records and sparse material remains. The method is illustrated through its application to the Amaniel qanat, a water-supply gallery built in Madrid, Spain, in the early 17th Century. An appraisal of the known remains was carried out first, leading to an inventory of galleries, shafts, shaft caps and deposits. This was followed by a thorough survey of over one thousand handwritten manuscripts, including physical descriptions of the aqueduct, budget accounts or water metering campaigns, among other documents. Known remains and written evidence were matched against original and auxiliary maps to reconstruct the itinerary of the aqueduct. This led to the identification of sectors where it is still possible to find remains in good condition. Thus, a priori mapping is advocated a valuable technique to locate and preserve these remains, as well as to devise non-invasive surveys and establish heritage protection zones.  
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  ISSN 1296-2074 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ Martinezsantos2014656 Serial 270  
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