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Pontér, S.; Rodushkin, I.; Engström, E.; Rodushkina, K.; Paulukat, C.; Peinerud, E.; Widerlund, A. |
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Title |
Early diagenesis of anthropogenic uranium in lakes receiving deep groundwater from the Kiruna mine, northern Sweden |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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Volume  |
793 |
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148441 |
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Isotope ratios, Mine water, Sediments, Uranium |
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The uranium (U) concentrations and isotopic composition of waters and sediment cores were used to investigate the transport and accumulation of U in a water system (tailings pond, two lakes, and the Kalix River) receiving mine waters from the Kiruna mine. Concentrations of dissolved U decrease two orders of magnitude between the inflow of mine waters and in the Kalix River, while the concentration of the element bound to particulate matter increases, most likely due to sorption on iron‑manganese hydroxides and organic matter. The vertical distribution of U in the water column differs between two polluted lakes with a potential indication of dissolved U supply from sediment’s pore waters at anoxic conditions. Since the beginning of exposure in the 1950s, U concentrations in lake sediments have increased \textgreater20-fold, reaching concentrations above 50 μg g-1. The distribution of anthropogenic U between the lakes does not follow the distribution of other mine water contaminants, with a higher relative proportion of U accumulating in the sediments of the second lake. Concentrations of redox-sensitive elements in the sediment core as well as Fe isotopic composition were used to re-construct past redox-conditions potentially controlling early diagenesis of U in surface sediments. Two analytical techniques (ICP-SFMS and MC-ICP-MS) were used for the determination of U isotopic composition, providing an extra dimension in the understanding of processes in the system. The (234 U)/(238 U) activity ratio (AR) is rather uniform in the tailings pond but varies considerably in water and lake sediments providing a potential tracer for U transport from the Kiruna mine through the water system, and U immobilization in sediments. The U mass balance in the Rakkurijoki system as well as the amount of anthropogenic U accumulated in lake sediments were evaluated, indicating the immobilization in the two lakes of 170 kg and 285 kg U, respectively. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ ponter_early_2021 |
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154 |
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N, D.; Panda, B.; S, C.; V, P.M.; Singh, D.K.; L, R.A.; Sahoo, S.K. |
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Title |
Spatio-temporal variations of Uranium in groundwater: Implication to the environment and human health |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
775 |
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Pages |
145787 |
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Groundwater, Health risk, Speciation, Stable isotopes, Statistics, Uranium |
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Groundwater overexploitation has resulted in huge scarcity and increase in the demand for water and food security in India. Groundwater in India has been observed to have experienced various water quality issues like arsenic, fluoride, and Uranium (U) contamination, leading to risk in human health. Markedly, the health risk of higher U in drinking water, as well as its chemical toxicity in groundwater have adverse effects on human. This study has reported occurrence of U as an emerging and widespread phenomenon in South Indian groundwater. Data on U in groundwater were generated from 284 samples along the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary within 4 seasons viz. pre-monsoon (PRM), southwest monsoon (SWM), northeast monsoon (NEM), and post-monsoon (POM). High U concentrations (74 μgL−1) showed to be above the World Health Organization’s provisional guideline value of 30 μgL−1. The geochemical, stable isotope and geophysical studies suggested that U in groundwater could vary with respect to season and was noted to be highest during NEM. The bicarbonate (HCO3) released by weathering process during monsoon could affect the saturation index (SI)Calcite and carbonate species of U. However, the primary source of U was found to be due to geogenic factors, like weathering, dissolution, and groundwater level fluctuation, and that, U mobilization could be enhanced due to anthropogenic activities. The findings further indicated that groundwater in the study area has reached the alarming stage of chemical toxicity. Hence, it is urgent and imperative that workable management strategies for sustainable drinking water source be developed and preventive measures be undertaken, relative to these water quality concerns to mitigate their disconcerting effect on human health. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ n_spatio-temporal_2021 |
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146 |
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Moreau, M.; Daughney, C. |
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Defining natural baselines for rates of change in New Zealand’s groundwater quality: Dealing with incomplete or disparate datasets, accounting for impacted sites, and merging into state of the-environment reporting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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755 |
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143292 |
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Baseline, Groundwater quality, Machine-learning, Monitoring, New Zealand, Trends |
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To effectively manage sustainably groundwater bodies, it is essential to establish what the naturally occurring ranges of chemical concentrations in groundwaters are and how they change over time. We defined baseline trends for New Zealand groundwaters using: 1) pattern recognition techniques to deal with inconsistent monitoring suites between the national (110 sites) and the denser regional network (\textgreater1000 sites), and 2) multivariate statistics to identify and remove impacted sites from the enhanced dataset. Rates of changes were calculated for 13 parameters between January 2005 and December 2014 at more than 1000 groundwater quality monitoring sites. The resulting dataset included 262 complete cases (CC), which was enhanced using Machine-Learning (ML) techniques to a total of 607 sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify trend clusters that were consistent between the CC, ML-enhanced datasets and a 2006 study based on solely on the national network. The largest cluster (WR) consisted of low magnitude changes across all parameters and was attributed to water-rock interaction processes. The second largest cluster (I) exhibited fast changes particularly for parameters linked to human-induced impact. The third largest cluster (D) comprised decreases of all parameters and was associated with dilution processes. Trend clusters were further refined using groundwater quality state information, enabling the identification of impacted sites outside of Cluster I in the ML-enhanced and CC datasets. Corresponding trend baselines were subsequently derived at unimpacted sites using univariate quantile distribution (5th and 95th percentile thresholds). Finally, we developed classifications combining baselines (state and trend) and natural variability to enhance state of the environment reporting. This allowed the new identification of deteriorating trends at sites where groundwater quality state is not yet affected in addition to trend reversals. These classifications can be adapted to incorporate new knowledge or align with surface water quality reporting. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ moreau_defining_2021 |
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164 |
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Milena-Pérez, A.; Piñero-García, F.; Benavente, J.; Expósito-Suárez, V.M.; Vacas-Arquero, P.; Ferro-García, M.A. |
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Uranium content and uranium isotopic disequilibria as a tool to identify hydrogeochemical processes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity |
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227 |
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106503 |
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234U/238U, Betic cordillera, Groundwater, Hydrogeochemistry, Uranium natural isotopes |
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This paper studies the uranium content and uranium isotopic disequilibria as a tool to identify hydrogeochemical processes from 52 groundwater samples in the province of Granada (Betic Cordillera, southeastern Spain). According to the geological complexity of the zone, three groups of samples have been considered. In Group 1 (thermal waters; longest residence time), the average uranium content was 2.63 ± 0.16 μg/L, and 234U/238U activity ratios (AR) were the highest of all samples, averaging 1.92 ± 0.30. In Group 2 (mainly springs from carbonate aquifers; intermediate residence time), dissolved uranium presented an average value of 1.34 ± 0.13 μg/L, while AR average value was 1.38 ± 0.25. Group 3 comes from pumping wells in a highly anthropized alluvial aquifer. In this group, where the residence time of the groundwater is the shortest of the three, average uranium content was 5.28 ± 0.26 μg/L, and average AR is the lowest (1.17 ± 0.12). In addition, the high dissolved uranium value and the low AR brought to light the contribution of fertilizers (Group 3). In the three groups, 235U/238U activity ratios were similar to the natural value of 0.046. Therefore, 235U detected in the samples comes from natural sources. This study is completed with the determination of major ions and physicochemical parameters in the groundwater samples and the statistical analysis of the data by using the Principal Component Analysis. This calculation indicates the correlation between uranium isotopes and bicarbonate and nitrate anions. |
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0265-931x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ milena-perez_uranium_2021 |
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112 |
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Jing, M.; Kumar, R.; Attinger, S.; Li, Q.; Lu, C.; Heße, F. |
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Assessing the contribution of groundwater to catchment travel time distributions through integrating conceptual flux tracking with explicit Lagrangian particle tracking |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Advances in Water Resources |
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149 |
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103849 |
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Travel time distribution, Flux tracking, Particle tracking, Coupled model, Predictive uncertainty |
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Travel time distributions (TTDs) provide an effective way to describe the transport and mixing processes of water parcels in a subsurface hydrological system. A major challenge in characterizing catchment TTD is quantifying the travel times in deep groundwater and its contribution to the streamflow TTD. Here, we develop and test a novel modeling framework for an integrated assessment of catchment scale TTDs through explicit representation of 3D-groundwater dynamics. The proposed framework is based on the linkage between a flux tracking scheme with the surface hydrologic model (mHM) for the soil-water compartment and a particle tracking scheme with the 3D-groundwater model OpenGeoSys (OGS) for the groundwater compartment. This linkage provides us with the ability to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of TTDs in these different hydrological compartments from grid scale to regional scale. We apply this framework in the Nägelstedt catchment in central Germany. Simulation results reveal that both shape and scale of grid-scale groundwater TTDs are spatially heterogeneous, which are strongly dependent on the topography and aquifer structure. The component-wise analysis of catchment TTD shows a time-dependent sensitivity of transport processes in soil zone and groundwater to driving meteorological forcing. Catchment TTD exhibits a power-law shape and fractal behavior. The predictive uncertainty in catchment mean travel time is dominated by the uncertainty in the deep groundwater rather than that in the soil zone. Catchment mean travel time is severely biased by a marginal error in groundwater characterization. Accordingly, we recommend to use multiple summary statistics to minimize the predictive uncertainty introduced by the tailing behavior of catchment TTD. |
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0309-1708 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Jing2021103849 |
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220 |
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Rallakis, D.; Michels, R.; Cathelineau, M.; Parize, O.; Brouand, M. |
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Conditions for uranium biomineralization during the formation of the Zoovch Ovoo roll-front-type uranium deposit in East Gobi Basin, Mongolia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Ore Geology Reviews |
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138 |
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104351 |
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Bioreduction, East Gobi Basin, Mongolia, Organic matter, Roll-front, Sulfur isotopes, Uranium |
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The Zoovch Ovoo uranium roll-front-type deposit is hosted in the Sainshand Formation, a Late Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoir, which constitutes the upper part of the post-rift infilling of the Mesozoic East Gobi Basin in SE Mongolia. The Sainshand Formation consists of unconsolidated medium-grained sand, silt and clay intervals deposited in fluvial-lacustrine settings. The uranium deposit is confined within a 60–80 m thick siliciclastic sequence inside aquifer-driven systems. The overall system experienced shallow burial and was never subjected to temperatures higher than 40 °C. This study proposes a comprehensive metallogenic model for this uranium deposit. Sedimentological and mineralogical observations from drill core samples to the microscopic scale (optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy) together with in situ geochemistry of late-formed phases (Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Fourier Transform–Infrared Spectroscopy) were considered for the reconstruction of the main stages of U trapping. In the mineralized zone, the uranium ore is expressed as Ca–enriched uraninite (UO2) and less commonly as Ca–enriched phospho-coffinite (U, P)SiO4. Trapping mechanisms include i) complexation (i.e. uranyl-carboxyl complexes), ii) adsorption on organic or clay particles) and iii) reduction by pyrite and by bacterial activity to amorphous uraninite. In all cases, the organic matter plays either the role of trap for uranium or nutrient for bacteria that can trap uranium through their metabolism. The shallow burial diagenesis conditions do not allow direct reduction of U(VI) by organic carbon. The δ34S values of the iron disulfide are very diverse, fluctuating in extreme cases between −50 to + 50‰, with an average δ34S value for framboidal pyrite at 2‰, and −20‰ for euhedral pyrite. The positive and negative values reflect close versus open fractionation systems, while bacterial sulphate reduction (BSR) is active during the whole diagenetic history of the deposit as an essential source of reduced sulfur. Therefore, using detrital organic matter as a carbon source, microorganisms play a significant role in uranium trapping, either as a direct reducing agent for uranium or pyrite formation, which will trap uranium through redox driven epigenetic processes. |
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0169-1368 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ rallakis_conditions_2021 |
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176 |
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Lapworth, D.J.; Brauns, B.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Gooddy, D.C.; Loveless, S.E.; MacDonald, A.M.; McKenzie, A.A.; Muddu, S.; Nara, S.N.V. |
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Elevated uranium in drinking water sources in basement aquifers of southern India |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Applied Geochemistry |
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133 |
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105092 |
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Anthropogenic, Drinking waters, Geogenic, India, Speciation, Uranium |
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Groundwater resources in the crystalline basement complex of India are crucial for supplying drinking water in both rural and urban settings. Groundwater depletion is recognised as a challenge across parts of India due to over-abstraction, but groundwater quality constraints are perhaps even more widespread and often overlooked at the local scale. Uranium contamination in basement aquifers has been reported in many parts of India, locally exceeding WHO drinking water guideline values of 30 μg/L and posing a potential health risk. In this study 130 water samples were collected across three crystalline basement catchments to assess hydrochemical, geological and anthropogenic controls on uranium mobility and occurrence in drinking water sources. Groundwaters with uranium concentrations exceeding 30 μg/L were found in all three study catchments (30% of samples overall), with concentrations up to 589 μg/L detected. There appears to be a geological control on the occurrence of uranium in groundwater with the granitic gneiss of the Halli and Bengaluru study areas having higher mean uranium concentrations (51 and 68 μg/L respectively) compared to the sheared gneiss of the Berambadi catchment (6.4 μg/L). Uranium – nitrate relationships indicate that fertiliser sources are not a major control on uranium occurrence in these case studies which include two catchments with a long legacy of intense agricultural land use. Geochemical modelling confirmed uranium speciation was dominated by uranyl carbonate species, particularly ternary complexes with calcium, consistent with uranium mobility being affected by redox controls and the presence of carbonates. Urban leakage in Bengaluru led to low pH and low bicarbonate groundwater hydrochemistry, reducing uranium mobility and altering uranium speciation. Since the majority of inhabitants in Karnataka depend on groundwater abstraction from basement aquifers for drinking water and domestic use, exposure to elevated uranium is a public health concern. Improved monitoring, understanding and treatment of high uranium drinking water sources in this region is essential to safeguard public health. |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ lapworth_elevated_2021 |
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147 |
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Heine, F.; Einsiedl, F. |
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Groundwater dating with dissolved organic radiocarbon: A promising approach in carbonate aquifers |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Applied Geochemistry |
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125 |
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104827 |
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C groundwater dating, deep carbonate aquifer, DOC, SPE-PPL |
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A complete hydrogeological understanding of the deep Upper Jurassic carbonate aquifer in the South German Molasse Basin is essential for the future development of this important drinking water resource and geothermally used system. Water chemistry data, δ13CDIC, 14C of the dissolved inorganic carbon (14CDIC) and stable water isotope (δ18O and δD) measurements have been used to evaluate a promising groundwater dating approach with 14C of dissolved organic carbon (14CDOC). The pre-concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was performed by the easy applicable solid phase extraction (SPE) with a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer sorbent (PPL). Based on the sampling campaign of seven groundwater wells conducted between 2017 and 2019, it was shown that the groundwater is mainly of Ca–HCO3 type with some evidence of ion exchange between Ca2+ and Na+ at two of the investigated wells. The δD values ranged from −89.4‰ to −70.9‰ while δ18O values varied between −12.5‰ and −9.8‰. The obtained stable water isotope signatures indicated that the groundwater is of meteoric origin and was recharged during warm climate (Holocene), intermediate climate and cold climate (Pleistocene) infiltration conditions. The measured 14CDOC activities varied from 5.7 pmC to 51.1 pmC and the calculated piston-flow water ages (ORAs) ranged from 4200 years to 25,248 years using an initial 14C0DOC of 85 pmC. The calculated ORAs showed a very good correlation to the infiltration temperature-sensitive δ18O values which were affirmed with noble gas infiltration temperatures for two wells after Weise et al. (1991) and were also in good accordance with the atmospheric temperature record of the northern hemisphere from Dokken et al. (2015). The results reflect a consistent hydrogeological picture of the carbonate aquifer, which also supports the applicability of the SPE-PPL method for 14CDOC dating in groundwater with a low DOC content (<1 mg/l). In contrast, 14CDIC activities of 1.4 pmC to 21.3 pmC led to geochemically corrected piston-flow ages between 8057 years and >30,000 years and generally to an overestimation of the apparent water ages. This study gives insights into the promising approach of 14CDOC groundwater dating in carbonate aquifers with low DOC contents and allows future sustainable groundwater resource management of the investigated aquifer system. |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Heine2021104827 |
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216 |
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Mathuthu, M.; Uushona, V.; Indongo, V. |
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Radiological safety of groundwater around a uranium mine in Namibia |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |
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122 |
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102915 |
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Groundwater, ICP-MS, Radiological hazard, Uranium mining |
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Uranium mining activities produce the main element used in nuclear energy production. However, it can also negatively affect the environment including groundwater by release of residues or effluent containing radioactive elements. The study investigated the concentration and radiological hazard of uranium in groundwater and seepage water from the tailings of a uranium mine in Namibia. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to assess the concentration of uranium in the groundwater and seepage water and the radiological hazards were determined. The radiological hazard indices Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), Absorbed dose (D), Annual Effective Dose equivalent (AEDE), External hazard index (Hex) and Internal hazard index (Hin) were determined and compared to limits recommended by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The calculated average value of D and Hin of groundwater is 108.11nGyh−1 and 1.26, respectively and are above the UNSCEAR values (55 nGyh−1 and 1). Further, the average values of Raeq, AEDE and Hex were below the recommended values. The isotopic ratio of uranium radionuclides in groundwater indicates that the uranium in the sampled groundwater is below 1 suggesting it is not natural uranium present but a possible contamination from the mine seepage. The radiological hazard parameters of the seepage water were above the recommended values and thus pose a radiation risk to human and environment. |
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1474-7065 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ mathuthu_radiological_2021 |
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160 |
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Author |
de Jong, I.J.H.; Arif, S.S.; Gollapalli, P.K.R.; Neelam, P.; Nofal, E.R.; Reddy, K.Y.; Röttcher, K.; Zohrabi, N. |
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Improving agricultural water productivity with a focus on rural transformation* |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Irrigation and Drainage |
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70 |
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3 |
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458-469 |
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irrigation efficiency, water productivity, rural transformation, efficacité de l’irrigation, productivité de l’eau, transformation rurale |
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ABSTRACT As a result of population growth, economic development and climate change, feeding the world and providing water security will require important changes in the technologies, institutions, policies and incentives that drive present-day water management, as captured in Goal 6.4 of the Millennium Development Goals. Irrigation is the largest and most inefficient water user, and there is an expectation that even small improvements in agricultural water productivity will improve water security. This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them. Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter-sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost-effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2451 |
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89 |
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