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Author Rooyen, J.D. van; Watson, A.W.; Miller, J.A. url  openurl
  Title Using tritium and radiocarbon activities to constrain regional modern and fossil groundwater mixing in Southern Africa Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Hydrology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 614 Issue Pages 128570  
  Keywords Radiocarbon, Residence time, SADC, Tritium  
  Abstract This study combines historical records of 14C and 3H in the atmosphere and soil with renewal rate and groundwater lumped parameter models to predict the abundance of 14C and 3H in groundwater over time. 624 groundwater samples from numerous studies, over four decades (1978–2019), in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Mozambique were collated to compare with predicted groundwater activities of 14C and 3H within the South African Development Community (SADC) region. Spatial datasets of carbonate bearing lithology, C3/C4 vegetation, summer/winter rainfall and coastal proximity were used to apply corrections to 14C and 3H data. Corrected values of 14C and 3H were compared with the theoretical abundance of these tracers, derived from the lumped parameter models, to estimate the general mean residence times and presence of groundwater mixing between modern recharge and older groundwaters. This study found that corrected values produced varying mean residence times derived from 14C ages (∼500–28500 years) and a wide range of potentially mixed waters within each aquifer system (0–100 % of tested wells) across the study area. The largest proportions of mixed groundwater, as well as the youngest mean residence times, were found in alluvial and primary fractured rock aquifers (e.g., western coast of South Africa and southern Mozambique). The smallest proportions of mixed groundwater were predicted in deep confined clay-rich aquifers as well as layered coal bearing carbonate sequences (e.g., Orapa, Malwewe and Serowe, Botswana). Insights into the proportions of mixed groundwater and mean residence times can help assess hydrological resilience on a regional scale. Such information is pertinent in promoting socio-economic development and increased water/food security in the SADC region. By understanding the resilience of groundwater resources, robust and informed strategies for water equality and GDP growth in the SADC region can be envisioned and implemented.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-1694 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ rooyen_using_2022 Serial 94  
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Author Chen, Y.; Hong, Y.; Huang, D.; Dai, X.; Zhang, M.; Liu, Y.; Xu, Z. url  openurl
  Title Risk assessment management and emergency plan for uranium tailings pond Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 83-90  
  Keywords Emergency management, Interpreted structural model (ISM), Resilience, Risk coupling, Uranium tailings pond  
  Abstract The safety of uranium tailings pond is closely related to social stability and economic development, so it is necessary to improve the emergency management of uranium tailings pond to ensure its safety by adjusting the emergency plan. The Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) is used to analyze the structural relationship between the main risk factors leading to the occurrence of emergencies. The results show that attention should be paid to the risk factors originating from humans and infrastructures, and effective management measures should be adopted in the process of emergency management, for example, people build tighter employee access system, clarify the responsibilities of employees at all levels, and improve monitoring and organizational means. According to the results of ISM analysis, a structural risk control system can be constructed, and a defensive barrier that can effectively block the risk coupling transmission can be designed to prevent the risk from being transformed into an event. For other risks, system resilience management should be strengthened to respond to risks. The process is set as emergency response and accident response. Different management objects use different management methods to make emergency management work efficiently.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1687-8507 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ chen_risk_2022 Serial 128  
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Author Prusty, S.; Somu, P.; Sahoo, J.K.; Panda, D.; Sahoo, S.K.; Sahoo, S.K.; Lee, Y.R.; Jarin, T.; Sundar, L.S.; Rao, K.S. url  openurl
  Title Adsorptive sequestration of noxious uranium (VI) from water resources: A comprehensive review Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Chemosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 308 Issue Pages 136278  
  Keywords Adsorbents, Adsorption, Techniques, Uranium, Wastewater  
  Abstract Groundwater is usually utilized as a drinking water asset everywhere. Therefore, groundwater defilement by poisonous radioactive metals such as uranium (VI) is a major concern due to the increase in nuclear power plants as well as their by-products which are released into the watercourses. Waste Uranium (VI) can be regarded as a by-product of the enrichment method used to produce atomic energy, and the hazard associated with this is due to the uranium radioactivity causing toxicity. To manage these confronts, there are so many techniques that have been introduced but among those adsorptions is recognized as a straightforward, successful, and monetary innovation, which has gotten major interest nowadays, despite specific drawbacks regarding operational as well as functional applications. This review summarizes the various adsorbents such as Bio-adsorbent/green materials, metal oxide-based adsorbent, polymer based adsorbent, graphene oxide based adsorbent, and magnetic nanomaterials and discuss their synthesis methods. Furthermore, this paper emphasis on adsorption process by various adsorbents or modified forms under different physicochemical conditions. In addition to this adsorption mechanism of uranium (VI) onto different adsorbent is studied in this article. Finally, from the literature reviewed conclusion have been drawn and also proposed few future research suggestions.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0045-6535 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ prusty_adsorptive_2022 Serial 131  
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Author Paradis, C.J.; Hoss, K.N.; Meurer, C.E.; Hatami, J.L.; Dangelmayr, M.A.; Tigar, A.D.; Johnson, R.H. url  openurl
  Title Elucidating mobilization mechanisms of uranium during recharge of river water to contaminated groundwater Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Contaminant Hydrology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 251 Issue Pages 104076  
  Keywords Desorption, Dissolution, Groundwater, Surface water, Tracer, Uranium  
  Abstract The recharge of stream water below the baseflow water table can mobilize groundwater contaminants, particularly redox-sensitive and sorptive metals such as uranium. However, in-situ tracer experiments that simulate the recharge of stream water to uranium-contaminated groundwater are lacking, thus limiting the understanding of the potential mechanisms that control the mobility of uranium at the field scale. In this study, a field tracer test was conducted by injecting 100 gal (379 l) of oxic river water into a nearby suboxic and uranium-contaminated aquifer. The traced river water was monitored for 18 days in the single injection well and in the twelve surrounding observation wells. Mobilization of uranium from the solid to the aqueous phase was not observed during the tracer test despite its pre-test presence being confirmed on the aquifer sediments from lab-based acid leaching. However, strong evidence of oxidative immobilization of iron and manganese was observed during the tracer test and suggested that immobile uranium was likely in its oxidized state as U(VI) on the aquifer sediments; these observations ruled out oxidation of U(IV) to U(VI) as a potential mobilization mechanism. Therefore, desorption of U(VI) appeared to be the predominant potential mobilization mechanism, yet it was clearly not solely dependent on concentration as evident when considering that uranium-poor river water (\textless0.015 mg/L) was recharged to uranium-rich groundwater (≈1 mg/L). It was possible that uranium desorption was limited by the relatively higher pH and lower alkalinity of the river water as compared to the groundwater; both factors favor immobilization. However, it was likely that the immobile uranium was associated with a mineral phase, as opposed to a sorbed phase, thus desorption may not have been possible. The results of this field tracer study successfully ruled out two common mobilization mechanisms of uranium: (1) oxidative dissolution and (2) concentration-dependent desorption and ruled in the importance of advection, dispersion, and the mineral phase of uranium.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-7722 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ paradis_elucidating_2022 Serial 135  
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Author Ren, Y.; Yang, X.; Hu, X.; Wei, J.; Tang, C. url  openurl
  Title Mineralogical and geochemical evidence for biogenic uranium mineralization in northern Songliao Basin, NE China Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Ore Geology Reviews Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 141 Issue Pages 104556  
  Keywords Bacterial sulfate reduction, In-situ S isotope of pyrite, Northern Songliao basin, Sandstone-type uranium deposit, Sifangtai Formation  
  Abstract The sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization areas in the Sanzhao Sag of the northern Songliao Basin have been newly identified. The target stratum is the Upper Cretaceous Sifangtai Formation and the uranium mineralization mainly occurs in the bottom of Sifangtai Formation, corresponding to channel sand bodies in meandering river system, characterized by medium to fine-grained sandstone. This study proposes the uranium metallogenic model through petrographic observation, whole rock geochemistry, mineralogical study of uranium occurrence form (SEM), organic matter rock–eval pyrolysis analysis (REP) and in-situ sulfur isotope determination of different generations of pyrite by LA-MC-ICP-MS. Compared with the sandstones collected in barren reduction and oxidization zones, the mineralized sandstones show obvious increase in the contents of TOC, total sulfur, Y and U. Petrographic observations indicate that organic matters are mainly inherited from land plants. REP data display that the organic matter (OM) disseminated in the sandstone has very low hydrogen index (HI) from around 0 to 21 mg HC/g TOC and varied oxygen index (OI) from 44 to 115 mg CO2/g TOC, corresponding to Type Ⅳ kerogen (degraded kerogen). There are two types of coffinite with different grain size, micro-particles (μm-sized) and large aggregates (generally up to 100 μm) respectively. The coffinite micro spherules exhibit short rod-like or worm-like morphology occurring in clay matrix and cell cavities in degradofusinite or around subidiomorphic-idiomorphic pyrite. The coarse-grained coffinite contains other mineral facies (e.g. pyrite, quartz) and some of large coffinite aggregates display thrombolite-type microbial structures. The irregular pyrite relict particles in coarse-grained colloidal coffinite have light sulfur isotope compositions characterized by δ34S values from –39.96‰ to –49.89‰. The δ34S values of colloidal pyrite in replacement of OM or of the sub-idiomorphic FeS2 cement filling in the cavities of OM range from –52.77‰ to –13.88‰. Some of sub-idiomorphic pyrite cement and idiomorphic crystal have the heavier signature from – 27.06‰ to + 14.23‰. The light sulfur isotope signature suggests that the sulfur originates from bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). The OM replacement by pyrite and the highest OI values recorded by REP in uranium mineralized samples are lines of evidence of biodegradation. Bacteria use the organic matter as food source and produce isotopically light reduced sulfur species. Oxygenated uranium-bearing waters infiltrated through the denudated windows at Daqing placanticline into the porous reduced sandstones deposited in the Sanzhao Sag. Uranium was indirectly reduced by BSR-derived iron disulfides or directly reduced by sulfate-reducing bacteria.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-1368 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ ren_mineralogical_2022 Serial 144  
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Author Sahoo, P.K.; Virk, H.S.; Powell, M.A.; Kumar, R.; Pattanaik, J.K.; Salomão, G.N.; Mittal, S.; Chouhan, L.; Nandabalan, Y.K.; Tiwari, R.P. url  openurl
  Title Meta-analysis of uranium contamination in groundwater of the alluvial plains of Punjab, northwest India: Status, health risk, and hydrogeochemical processes Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Science of The Total Environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 807 Issue Pages 151753  
  Keywords Agrochemicals, Geogenic contamination, Punjab, Salinity, Shallow aquifer, Uranium enrichment  
  Abstract Despite numerous studies, there are many knowledge gaps in our understanding of uranium (U) contamination in the alluvial aquifers of Punjab, India. In this study, a large hydrogeochemical dataset was compiled to better understand the major factors controlling the mobility and enrichment of uranium (U) in this groundwater system. The results showed that shallow groundwaters (\textless60 m) are more contaminated with U than from deeper depths (\textgreater60 m). This effect was predominant in the Southwest districts of the Malwa, facing significant risk due to chemical toxicity of U. Groundwaters are mostly oxidizing and alkaline (median pH: 7.25 to 7.33) in nature. Spearman correlation analysis showed that U concentrations are more closely related to total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, Na, K, HCO3−, NO3− Cl−, and F− in shallow water than deep water, but TDS and salinity remained highly correlated (U-TDS: ρ = 0.5 to 0.6; U-salinity: ρ = 0.5). This correlation suggests that the salt effect due to high competition between ions is the principal cause of U mobilization. This effect is evident when the U level increased with increasing mixed water species (Na-Cl, Mg-Cl, and Na-HCO3). Speciation data showed that the most dominant U species are Ca2UO2(CO3)2− and CaUO2(CO3)3−, which are responsible for the U mobility. Based on the field parameters, TDS along with pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were better fitted to U concentration above the WHO guideline value (30 μg.L−1), thus this combination could be used as a quick indicator of U contamination. The strong positive correlation of U with F− (ρ = 0.5) in shallow waters indicates that their primary source is geogenic, while anthropogenic factors such as canal irrigation, groundwater table decline, and use of agrochemicals (mainly nitrate fertilizers) as well as climate-related factors i.e., high evaporation under arid/semi-arid climatic conditions, which result in higher redox and TDS/salinity levels, may greatly affect enrichment of U. The geochemical rationale of this study will provide Science-based-policy implications for U health risk assessment in this region and further extrapolate these findings to other arid/semi-arid areas worldwide.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ sahoo_meta-analysis_2022 Serial 150  
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Author Kumar, V.; Setia, R.; Pandita, S.; Singh, S.; Mitran, T. url  openurl
  Title Assessment of U and As in groundwater of India: A meta-analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Chemosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 303 Issue Pages 135199  
  Keywords Arsenic, Geology, Groundwater, Health risk, Soil texture, Uranium  
  Abstract More than 2.5 billion people depend upon groundwater worldwide for drinking, and giving quality water has become one of the great apprehensions of human culture. The contamination of Uranium (U) and Arsenic (As) in the groundwater of India is gaining global attention. The current review provides state-of-the-art groundwater contamination with U and As in different zones of India based on geology and soil texture. The average concentration of U in different zones of India was in the order: West Zone (41.07 μg/L) \textgreater North Zone (37.7 μg/L) \textgreater South Zone (13.5 μg/L)\textgreater Central Zone (7.4 μg/L) \textgreater East Zone (5.7 μg/L) \textgreaterSoutheast Zone (2.4 μg/L). The average concentration of As in groundwater of India is in the order: South Zone (369.7 μg/L)\textgreaterCentral Zone (260.4 μg/L)\textgreaterNorth Zone (67.7 μg/L)\textgreaterEast Zone (60.3 μg/L)\textgreaterNorth-east zone (9.78 μg/L)\textgreaterWest zone (4.14 μg/L). The highest concentration of U and As were found in quaternary sediments, but U in clay skeletal and As in loamy skeletal. Results of health risk assessment showed that the average health quotient of U in groundwater for children and adults was less than unity. In contrast, it was greater than unity for As posing a harmful impact on human health. This review provides the baseline data regarding the U and As contamination status in groundwater of India, and appropriate, effective control measures need to be taken to control this problem.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0045-6535 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ kumar_assessment_2022 Serial 161  
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Author Grozeva, N.G.; Radwan, J.; Beaucaire, C.; Descostes, M. url  openurl
  Title Reactive transport modeling of U and Ra mobility in roll-front uranium deposits: Parameters influencing 226Ra/238U disequilibria Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Geochemical Exploration Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 236 Issue Pages 106961  
  Keywords Ra/U, Radioactive disequilibria, Radium, Reactive transport modeling, Roll-front uranium deposit  
  Abstract Uranium reserve estimates in ore deposits can be significantly impacted by 226Ra/238U disequilibria arising from the differential mobility of uranium and radium during groundwater transport. 1D reactive transport models were developed to investigate the long-term effects of retention processes (UO2(am) precipitation, U(VI) and Ra sorption on smectite, Ra co-precipitation with barite) on the repartitioning of 238U and 226Ra during formation of roll-front type deposits. Analytical solutions to radioactive decay chains were used in complement to examine the influence of geochemical parameters, including fluid 234U/238U activity ratios and α-recoil loss, on 226Ra/238U disequilibria in uranium ores. Model results demonstrate that smectite and barite can produce 226Ra/238U ratios \textgreater1 at low uranium contents and may explain 226Ra/238U disequilibria occurring in altered rock up- and downstream of roll-front deposits. The capacity of these phases to take up Ra and generate 226Ra/238U disequilibria depends on both mineral contents and groundwater compositions, and is thus expected to be site-specific. Simulations of ore deposits that advance downstream with time demonstrate the formation of stronger 226Ra/238U disequilibria, as expected, in the downgradient side or nose of the ore, reflecting both younger mineralization ages and the presence of active uranium precipitation. Whether disequilibria are positive or negative with respect to secular equilibrium, however, depends on the 234U/238U activity ratio in the fluid from which uranium minerals precipitate. Smaller hydraulic conductivities are shown to generate a narrower range in 226Ra/238U activity ratios with distance, and may explain the occurrence of disequilibria in the limb ore that are less pronounced than those in the nose. Furthermore, the ability of α-recoil loss to decrease 226Ra/238U activity ratios at secular equilibrium may account for negative disequilibria in high grade ores. The South Tortkuduk uranium deposits (Kazakhstan) are subsequently used as a case study to identify the processes and parameters that may contribute to 226Ra/238U disequilibria at this site. Variations in multiple parameters, including clay contents, barite contents, and mineralization ages, are found to reproduce measured 226Ra/238U activity ratios in the roll-front ore. Prioritization of these parameters will necessitate field measurements targeting both groundwater fluids and the host rock. Results from this study will ultimately aid geologists in building appropriate hydrogeochemical data sets to more efficiently locate and exploit uranium ore deposits.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0375-6742 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ grozeva_reactive_2022 Serial 180  
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Author Zhang, H.; Gao, J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X. url  openurl
  Title Case studies of radioactivity of drilling mud for in situ leaching uranium mining in China Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 251-252 Issue Pages 106982  
  Keywords Drilling mud, Exemption management, In situ leaching, Radioactivity  
  Abstract The drilling mud from in situ leaching uranium mining is a type of low-radioactivity waste that contains natural nuclides and other harmful substances. In order to determine whether the drilling mud can meet the requirements of radioactive exemption management standards, field investigations and data simulations were conducted in this study. Two typical uranium mines were selected for onsite investigations. Drilling mud from different layers (i.e., the upper covering layer and ore-bearing layer) and from different stages (e.g., logging stage mud, drilling expansion stage mud, and mixed mud) was sampled. For each sample, the 238U and 226Ra concentrations of the solid components and the U and 226Ra concentrations of the supernatant were analyzed. The results revealed that the highest 238U and 226Ra concentrations of the solid components were 4122 Bq/kg and 4077 Bq/kg, while the 238U and 226Ra concentrations of the mixed drilling mud were all less than 300 Bq/kg. A radioactivity estimation model was established for scenario analysis. Exemption management screening lines of waste drilling mud, which can be used to classify and treat the drilling project according to the deposit’s grade and conditions, were proposed for in situ leaching drilling projects.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ zhang_case_2022 Serial 191  
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Author Zeng, S.; Shen, Y.; Sun, B.; Tan, K.; Zhang, S.; Ye, W. url  openurl
  Title Fractal kinetic characteristics of uranium leaching from low permeability uranium-bearing sandstone Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Nuclear Engineering and Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 1175-1184  
  Keywords Fractal characteristics, In-situ leaching, Leaching kinetics, Pore structure, Uranium mine  
  Abstract The pore structure of uranium-bearing sandstone is one of the critical factors that affect the uranium leaching performance. In this article, uranium-bearing sandstone from the Yili Basin, Xinjiang, China, was taken as the research object. The fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone were studied using mercury intrusion experiments and fractal theory, and the fractal dimension of the uranium-bearing sandstone was calculated. In addition, the effect of the fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone on the uranium leaching kinetics was studied. Then, the kinetics was analyzed using a shrinking nuclear model, and it was determined that the rate of uranium leaching is mainly controlled by the diffusion reaction, and the dissolution rate constant (K) is linearly related to the pore specific surface fractal dimension (DS) and the pore volume fractal dimension (DV). Eventually, fractal kinetic models for predicting the in-situ leaching kinetics were established using the unreacted shrinking core model, and the linear relationship between the fractal dimension of the sample’s pore structure and the dissolution rate during the leaching was fitted.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1738-5733 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number THL @ christoph.kuells @ zeng_fractal_2022 Serial 193  
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